MXene based core-shell flame retardant towards reducing fire hazards of thermoplastic polyurethane

Liu, Chuan; Yao, Ansheng; Chen, Kexin; Shi, Yongqian; Feng, Yuezhan; Zhang, Ping; Yang, Fuqiang; Liu, Minghua; Chen, Zhuo

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109363

Cited by 94 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this case, an increase in the viscosity could decrease the mass transfer of the volatile products to the gas phase, which entails an improvement in the fire behavior. In order to evaluate the influence of the addition of rubbers in PA12, cone calorimeter tests were carried out on polymer blend samples [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], and the results are shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 and Table 5 . Three square specimens were tested, and the mean values are presented in Table 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Batistella¹,

Pucci²,

Regazzi³

et al. 2022

Materials

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In the present work, the processability and fire behavior of parts made by the laser sintering (LS) of polyamide 12/rubber powder blends is studied. In order to evaluate some of the interactions that could take place during LS, three acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (NBRs) were used, which included two that had different acrylonitrile (AN) contents, and one that had carboxylated rubber. The results show that the flowability of the powders is strongly dependent on the rubber used. For the carboxylated rubber, a good flowability of the blend was observed, whereas the use of rubbers with different AN contents led to significant changes in the powder flowability, with a heterogeneous powder bed, and differences in the porosity as a function of the AN content. Furthermore, the addition of rubbers to polyamide 12 (PA12) entails an increase in the sintering window and, in particular, a change in the melting temperature of PA12 is noticed. Even though some changes in the crystallization and melting temperatures are observed, formulations containing 10 and 20 wt.% of rubbers could be processed using the same process parameters as PA12. Furthermore, the formulations containing carboxylated rubber show improved fire behavior, which is measured by a cone calorimeter, with reductions of about 45 and 65% in the peak of the heat release rate, compared to the PA12. Moreover, almost all of the samples evaluated in this study are classed as “Good” by the Flame Retardancy Index. This result can be partially explained by the formation of an amide linkage between the polyamide and NBR during processing, which could result in increases in the melt viscosities of these samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Batistella¹,

Pucci²,

Regazzi³

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…Due to the termination groups (–O, –OH, and/or –F), MXene nanoparticles are easily surface modified and grafted with chemically active groups, which can reduce the heavy accumulation of MXene flakes, increase the effective catalytic area, and improve their catalytic activity and stability [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, MXene can play an excellent role in flame retardation with its layered barrier and metal ions to retard the combustion processes of polymers [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-organic Framework ZIF-67 Functionalized MXene for Enhancing the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

et al. 2022

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In this work, a novel functionalization strategy for ZIF-67-modified layered MXene was proposed, aiming at improving the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The ZIF-67@MXene was verified by microscopic morphology, elemental composition, functional group species and crystal structure, and then the successfully prepared ZIF-67@MXene was introduced into the TPU material. When ZIF-67@MXene content was only 0.5 wt%, the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, peak smoke release rate, total smoke release rate, and CO yield of the TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites were reduced by 26%, 9%, 50%, and 22%, respectively, compared with the pure TPU. The thermogravimetric tests showed that the residual char of TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites was the most in all samples. In short, the high-quality carbon layer of TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites acts as a physical barrier to the transfer of heat and toxic gases, greatly improving the flame retardant properties of the TPU polymer.

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“…Among them, Ti 3 C 2 T X as an MXenes material can be functionalized with ZIF‐8 to flame retard polyurethane materials and can also be used to form multifunctional polyurethane films 12,13 . Meanwhile there is also the enhancement of fire safety of TPU after microencapsulation and layered assembly of APP using Ti 3 C 2 T x and chitosan 14 . The thermal safety and fire safety properties of TPUs are enhanced by hybridization of Ti 3 C 2 T x with reduced graphene oxide and Ti 3 C 2 T x with copper nanoparticles 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting alkynyl groups on the surface of nano‐aramid fibers towards flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane

Liu

Dong

Chen

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, para‐aramid fibers were dispersed into para‐aramid nanofibers (ANF) by deprotonation process, and then modified by 3‐chloropropyne (PC) via covalent bonding interaction. The resultant nanofiber (ANF‐PC) as a flame retardant was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to obtain fire‐retardant TPU nanocomposites. The addition of 0.250 wt% ANF‐PC reduced the peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke release, and peak CO release rate of TPU by 47.7%, 31.5%, 16.4%, and 45.1%, respectively. The char yield of TPU/ANF‐PC0.250 was increased from 7.7% (TPU/ANF0.250) to 13.7%. The flame‐retardant effect of ANF‐PC in TPU composites can be attributed to its carbonization effect in the condensed phase, which increased the char yields and graphitization degree of char residue. In addition, the presence of ANF‐PC increased the tensile strength and breaking strain of TPU by 645% and 578% compared to untreated ANF, due to the improved dispersion state of ANF‐PC.

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MXene based core-shell flame retardant towards reducing fire hazards of thermoplastic polyurethane

Cited by 94 publications

References 61 publications

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Fire Behavior of Polyamide 12/Rubber Formulations Made by Laser Sintering

Metal-organic Framework ZIF-67 Functionalized MXene for Enhancing the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Grafting alkynyl groups on the surface of nano‐aramid fibers towards flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane

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