Mx1 of black carp functions importantly in the antiviral innate immune response

Xiao, Jun; Yan, Jun; Hui, Chi Wai; Li, Jun; Tian, Yu; Tang, Luosheng; Feng, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.002

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Finally, we evaluated the antiviral ability of NKEF against VHSV by its overexpression in EPC cells using a plasmid encoding nkef gene (pmTFP1-NKEF). The use of plasmid vectors to overexpress antiviral proteins in fish, such as type I IFNc in Atlantic salmon against ISAV and black carp Mx1 against SVCV and grass carp reovirus, has been previously reported [46,47]. Our results demonstrated that NKEF overexpression reduced VHSV infectivity and virus replication in transfected EPC cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout

Chico

Salvador-Mira

Nombela

et al. 2021

Biology

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Natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the peroxiredoxin family of proteins, a group of antioxidants that has been extensively studied in mammals. Recently, we identified NKEF in the immunoprecipitated proteome of rainbow trout red blood cells (RBCs) exposed to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In the present study, we evaluated the role of NKEF in the antiviral response of rainbow trout against VHSV by examining the expression profile of NKEF in VHSV-exposed RBCs and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) cell line. We found an in vitro correlation between decreased VHSV replication and increased NKEF expression after RBCs were exposed to VHSV, however this was not found in RTG-2 cells where the infection highly increased and nkef transcripts remained almost unchanged. In addition, siRNA silencing of the nkef gene in rainbow trout RBCs and RTG-2 cells resulted in increased VHSV replication. We also found a correlation between nkef gene silencing and a decrease in the expression of genes related to type 1 interferon (IFN1) pathway. These findings indicated that NKEF is involved in the antiviral mechanisms of rainbow trout RBCs against VHSV and thus support its antiviral role and implication in the modulation of their immune response. Finally, overexpression of NKEF in an EPC cell line significantly reduced VHSV infectivity and was coupled to an increment in IFN1-related genes. In conclusion, NKEF may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against viral infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Antiviral Function of NKEF against VHSV in Rainbow Trout

Chico

Salvador-Mira

Nombela

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…2a , significantly increased expression of IFN-υ gene was observed at mRNA level in response to grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. Using RT-PCR, the increase in the expression of known fish anti-viral genes, was detected, including GCRV-induced gene 2 ( gig2 ), interferon regulatory factor 1 ( irf1 ), myxovirus (influenza) resistance A ( mxa ), and viperin (also known as radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, rsad2 ) 41 – 44 , in zebrafish embryos with the overexpression of IFN-υ (Fig. 2b and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and establishment of type IV interferon and the characterization of interferon-υ including its class II cytokine receptors IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2

et al. 2022

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Interferons (IFNs) are critical soluble factors in the immune system and are composed of three types, (I, II and III) that utilize different receptor complexes IFN-αR1/IFN-αR2, IFN-γR1/IFN-γR2, and IFN-λR1/IL-10R2, respectively. Here we identify IFN-υ from the genomic sequences of vertebrates. The members of class II cytokine receptors, IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2, are identified as the receptor complex of IFN-υ, and are associated with IFN-υ stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). IFN-υ and IFN-υR1 are separately located at unique and highly conserved loci, being distinct from all other three-type IFNs. IFN-υ and IFN-υR1 are phylogenetically clustered with class II cytokines and class II cytokine receptors, respectively. Therefore, the finding of this IFN ligand-receptor system may be considered as a type IV IFN, in addition to the currently recognized three types of IFNs in vertebrates.

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“…The innate immune response is the rst line of defense against viral infection of the host, and the interferons (IFNs) system plays an important role in the defense mechanism against viruses. 64,65 IFN-a and IFN-b are the best known antiviral innate immune molecules with a powerful antiviral response to viral infection. 66 Intracellular IFNs activate the antiviral state of the cells mostly by inducing the expression of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are the most powerful and efficient mediators among the known IFN-induced antiviral mechanisms and show broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several virus families.…”

Section: Antiviral Mechanism Of the Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%