MVAC submarine cable, impedance measurements and analysis

Arentsen, Martin T.; Expethit, Adrian; Pedersen, Morten V.; Sorensen, Sebastian B.; Silva, Filipe Miguel Faria da; Sorensen, Dominique A.

doi:10.1109/upec.2017.8231860

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In the following, the results presented in [29] for the C1 cable are employed for evaluating the performance of the SUSM regarding the computation of the total losses, series impedance and induced sheath current as a function of frequency. Then, the measurements obtained in [30], [31] for the C2 cable are later considered for this evaluation in terms of resonant frequencies and harmonic impedances.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, since these cables are specifically built on a projectby-project basis, it is difficult for the academia to have access to a piece of cable for testing purposes. So, few research studies are available providing experimental measurements derived from a frequency-domain analysis on real TCACs [29]- [31], being simulations tools, like the USM, a valuable alternative for the analysis and design of TCACs, supplementing costly experimental setups. Having all this in mind, this paper goes a step further by proposing a simplified ultrashortened 3D-FEM model (SUSM) to reduce the simulation time during frequency-domain analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Validation of Ultra-Shortened 3D Finite Element Models for Frequency-Domain Analyses of Three-Core Armored Cables

Del-Pino-López

Cruz-Romero

2022

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Recently, large offshore wind power plants have been installed far from the shore, using long HVAC three-core armored cables to export power. Its high capacitance may contribute to the appearance of unwanted phenomena, such as overvoltages or resonances at low frequencies. To adequately assess these problems, detailed and reliable cable models are required to develop time-domain/frequency-domain analyses on this type of cables. This paper presents, for the first time in the literature, an assessment on the performance of 3D finite element method-based (3D-FEM) models for developing frequency-domain analyses on three-core armored cables, confronting simulation results with experimental measurements found in the literature for three real cables. To this aim, a simplified ultra-shortened 3D-FEM model is proposed to reduce the simulation time during frequency sweeps, through which relevant aspects never analyzed before with frequency-domain 3D-FEM simulations are addressed, such as total losses, induced sheath current, magnetic field around the power cable, positive and zero sequence harmonic impedances, as well as resonant frequencies. Also, a time-domain example derived from the frequency-domain analysis is provided. Remarkable results are obtained when comparing computed values and measurements, presenting the simplified ultra-shortened 3D-FEM model as a valuable tool for the frequency-domain analysis of these cables.

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Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Ultra-Shortened 3D Finite Element Models for Frequency-Domain Analyses of Three-Core Armored Cables

Del-Pino-López

Cruz-Romero

2022

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…Thus, the problem of loss allocation in three-core armored cables (TCACs) has been tackled during the last 10 years, either in the form of new analytical formulations (for sheath and armor losses) [6,7], numerical methods, such as the method of moments (MoM-SO) [8], integral methods [9], the finite element method (2D FEM [3,4,10,11], 3D FEM [12][13][14][15][16]), multi-conductor cell [17][18][19] or more experimentally oriented [3,4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 3D-FEM Tools to Improve Loss Allocation in Three-Core Armored Cables

Del-Pino-López

Cruz-Romero

2021

Energies

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Loss allocation through analytical expressions in three-core lead-sheathed armored cables is challenging due to the complex geometry of this type of cable, commonly employed in submarine energy transmission systems (involving twisted conductors, sheaths and armor). Most of the expressions of the IEC standard 60287 have not been properly adapted for three-core armored cables, leading to inaccurate values for the different losses, so important efforts are currently devoted to improving them. In this work, an improved ultra-shortened 3D finite element model (FEM) is employed for developing an in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interactions that take place in 6 real cables, being especially focused on those aspects that are not considered in the IEC standard. As a result, important conclusions are derived regarding the losses in conductors and sheaths, which introduce different corrections for improving the accuracy of the IEC expressions. The new formulation is then employed to propose a simplified experimental armor loss allocation procedure. This is virtually applied through the FEM tool to more than 700 cable configurations, showing a remarkable improvement in the loss allocation over the IEC standard and previous experimental procedures.

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“…To this aim, accurate tools are required to simulate and analyze the complex physics and interactions involved in three-core armored cables, since experimental measurements are costly and only possible for manufacturers. In this sense, numerical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) have been employed widely in the past [4,6,9,[12][13][14][15][16]. This tool is usually applied to 2D geometries, sometimes representing the armor as a hollow cylinder with appropriate electrical properties to include the presence of gaps between the armor wires [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, although researchers agree in the need of updating the expressions of the IEC standard, [9,12] report some contradictory results regarding the importance of screen (sheath) over armor losses in the global computation of cable losses. In this sense, [6][7] conclude that armored cables have higher losses than unarmored cables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Simplified 3D Finite Element Simulations of Three-Core Armored Power Cables

2018

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This paper analyzes different ways to electromagnetically simulate three-core armored cables in 3D by means of the finite element method. Full periodic models, as lengthy as 36 m, are developed to evaluate the accuracy when simulating only a small portion of the cable, as commonly employed in the literature. The adequate length and boundary conditions for having the same accuracy of full periodic models are also studied. To achieve this aim, five medium voltage and high voltage armored cables are analyzed, obtaining the minimum length of the cable that may be simulated for having accurate results in shorter time and with less computational burden. This also results in the proposal of a new method comprising the advantages of short geometries and the applicability of periodic boundary conditions. Its accuracy is compared with experimental measurements and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for 145 kV and 245 kV cables. The results show a very good agreement between simulations and measurements (errors below 4%), obtaining a reduction in the computation time of about 90%. This new method brings a more effective tool for saving time and computational resources in cable design and the development of new analytical expressions for improving the IEC standard.

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MVAC submarine cable, impedance measurements and analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental Validation of Ultra-Shortened 3D Finite Element Models for Frequency-Domain Analyses of Three-Core Armored Cables

Experimental Validation of Ultra-Shortened 3D Finite Element Models for Frequency-Domain Analyses of Three-Core Armored Cables

Use of 3D-FEM Tools to Improve Loss Allocation in Three-Core Armored Cables

On Simplified 3D Finite Element Simulations of Three-Core Armored Power Cables

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