Mutually orthogonal Golay complementary sequences in the simultaneous synthetic aperture method for medical ultrasound diagnostics. An experimental study
“…To improve the echo signal noise to ratio (SNR) and defect dis-tance resolution of existing ultrasonic inspection systems, coded ultrasonic excitation techniques and pulse compression are introduced [10,11]. The common forms of coding include pseudo-random M sequence [12], Barker code [13], Golay code [14], and other phase codes, as well as pseudo-Chirp signals [15], linear frequency modulation (LFM) [16], and non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) [17], etc. In the aforementioned phase codes, the Barker code has the lowest peak sidelobe level (PSL) after matched filtering.…”
To solve the problem of difficult identification and localization of structural defects by utilizing nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves with coding characteristics in the rail, a novel adaptive peak detection method is proposed in this work, which is based on multi-cascade moving average filter and derivative transformation. First, the ultrasonic guided wave detection system in the steel rail environment is introduced and the parameters of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer used in this paper are given. Secondly, analyze the characteristics of the coded excitation ultrasonic guide wave signal, consider the effects of peak sidelobe level, multipath effect, and noise, and use multi-cascade moving average filtering and Hilbert transforms to reduce peak sidelobe interference and extract the envelope. Finally, the peak position of the correlation sequence is detected according to the derivative transformation. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the peak information and has good anti-noise performance. It has good recognition ability in complex track environments and the algorithm's accuracy can reach 94.34. This is suitable for coded excitation ultrasonic transmission systems and is easy to implement in the real-time detection system.
“…To improve the echo signal noise to ratio (SNR) and defect dis-tance resolution of existing ultrasonic inspection systems, coded ultrasonic excitation techniques and pulse compression are introduced [10,11]. The common forms of coding include pseudo-random M sequence [12], Barker code [13], Golay code [14], and other phase codes, as well as pseudo-Chirp signals [15], linear frequency modulation (LFM) [16], and non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) [17], etc. In the aforementioned phase codes, the Barker code has the lowest peak sidelobe level (PSL) after matched filtering.…”
To solve the problem of difficult identification and localization of structural defects by utilizing nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves with coding characteristics in the rail, a novel adaptive peak detection method is proposed in this work, which is based on multi-cascade moving average filter and derivative transformation. First, the ultrasonic guided wave detection system in the steel rail environment is introduced and the parameters of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer used in this paper are given. Secondly, analyze the characteristics of the coded excitation ultrasonic guide wave signal, consider the effects of peak sidelobe level, multipath effect, and noise, and use multi-cascade moving average filtering and Hilbert transforms to reduce peak sidelobe interference and extract the envelope. Finally, the peak position of the correlation sequence is detected according to the derivative transformation. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the peak information and has good anti-noise performance. It has good recognition ability in complex track environments and the algorithm's accuracy can reach 94.34. This is suitable for coded excitation ultrasonic transmission systems and is easy to implement in the real-time detection system.
“…Golay complementary pair (GCP) is a pair of equal length sequences whose out-of-phase aperiodic auto-correlation sums are zeros. GCPs have extensive applications in wireless communication technology [2], radar [3], image processing [4], channel estimation [5], and peak power control in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) [6]. In 1972, Tseng and Liu generalized the concept of GCPs to Golay complementary sets (GCSs) and mutually orthogonal Golay complementary sets (MOCSs) [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1988, Suehiro and Hatori proposed the concept of complete complementary codes (CCCs) whose set size achieves the theoretical upper bound of MOCSs (i.e., M ≤ N ) [11]. MOCSs have been applied in many practical scenarios such as synthetic aperture imaging systems [4], OFDM-CDMA systems [12] and multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems [13][14][15]. Z-complementary code sets (ZCCSs) will be useful if the practical situation focuses more on the set size.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1988, Suehiro and Hatori proposed the concept of (N, N, L)-complete complementary codes (CCCs) whose set size achieves the theoretical upper bound of MOCSs (i.e., M ≤ N ) [3]. Due to the ideal correlation properties, MOCSs have been applied in many practical scenarios such as synthetic aperture imaging systems [4], OFDM-CDMA systems [5] and MC-CDMA systems [6][7][8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2, 2), (h 1,2 , h 2,2 , h 3,2 ) = (3, 1, 0) and (h 1,3 , h 2,3 , h 3,3 ) = (2, 1, 3) in Theorem 4.2. Then F 0 , F 1 , • • • , F15 forms a quaternary(16,4, 64,16)-ZCCS, where F 3 and F 10 are given by…”
Mutually orthogonal complementary sets (MOCSs) have many applications in practical scenarios such as synthetic aperture imaging systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing code division multiple access (OFDM-CDMA) systems and multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. Z-complementary code sets
(ZCCSs) will be useful if the practical situation focuses more on the set size. Most ofthe known constructions of MOCSs and ZCCSs based on generalized Boolean functions (GBFs) have lengths with the form of 2m or 2m+2t. Some constructions of MOCSs and ZCCSs based on other methods mostly have restrictive lengths. In this paper, we not only present constructions of an optimal ZCCS, but also construct MOCSs with flexible lengths. Both these constructions are based on extended Boolean functions. Though our proposed constructions generalize several previously known methods, we show that the parameters of these constructions are new and include previous parameters as special cases. In addition, a wide range of q-ary MOCSs and ZCCSs can be obtained by assigning different values to q.
Mutually orthogonal complementary sets (MOCSs) have many applications in practical scenarios such as synthetic aperture imaging systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing code division multiple access (OFDM-CDMA) systems and multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. Z-complementary code sets (ZCCSs) will be useful if the practical situation focuses more on the set size. Most of the known constructions of MOCSs and ZCCSs based on generalized Boolean functions (GBFs) have lengths with the form of 2 m or 2 m +2 t . Some constructions of MOCSs and ZCCSs based on other methods mostly have restrictive lengths. In this paper, we not only present constructions of an optimal ZCCS, but also construct MOCSs with flexible lengths. Both these constructions are based on extended Boolean functions. Though our proposed constructions generalize several previously known methods, we show that the parameters of these constructions are new and include previous parameters as special cases. In addition, a wide range of q-ary MOCSs and ZCCSs can be obtained by assigning different values to q.
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