Mutual Information as a Measure of Contextual Effects on Single Switch Use

Memarian, Negar; Venetsanopoulos, A.N.; Chau, Tom

doi:10.2174/1874943700902010001

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…A mutual information measure (MI) [ 21 ], previously reported for single switch assessment was used to objectively gauge the performance of each user. MI encapsulates different performance measures in a single number.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

2010

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Background Recently, a novel single-switch access technology based on infrared thermography was proposed. The technology exploits the temperature differences between the inside and surrounding areas of the mouth as a switch trigger, thereby allowing voluntary switch activation upon mouth opening. However, for this technology to be clinically viable, it must be validated against a gold standard switch, such as a chin switch, that taps into the same voluntary motion. Methods In this study, we report an experiment designed to gauge the concurrent validity of the infrared thermal switch. Ten able-bodied adults participated in a series of 3 test sessions where they simultaneously used both an infrared thermal and conventional chin switch to perform multiple trials of a number identification task with visual, auditory and audiovisual stimuli. Participants also provided qualitative feedback about switch use. User performance with the two switches was quantified using an efficiency measure based on mutual information. Results User performance (p = 0.16) and response time (p = 0.25) with the infrared thermal switch were comparable to those of the gold standard. Users reported preference for the infrared thermal switch given its non-contact nature and robustness to changes in user posture. Conclusions Thermal infrared access technology appears to be a valid single switch alternative for individuals with disabilities who retain voluntary mouth opening and closing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [ 21 ], the maximum MI is obtained when no false negatives (misses) or false positives (false alarms) occur, in which case MI = H(X). Information transmission efficiency is thus calculated as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

2010

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Predicting the concentration range of trace organic contaminants in recycled water using supervised classification

Farzanehsa,

Carvajal,

McDonald

et al. 2024

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Classifying Affective States Using Thermal Infrared Imaging of the Human Face

Nhan

Chau

2010

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

127

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In this paper, time, frequency, and time-frequency features derived from thermal infrared data are used to discriminate between self-reported affective states of an individual in response to visual stimuli drawn from the International Affective Pictures System. A total of six binary classification tasks were examined to distinguish baseline and affect states. Affect states were determined from subject-reported levels of arousal and valence. Mean adjusted accuracies of 70% to 80% were achieved for the baseline classifications tasks. Classification accuracies between high and low ratings of arousal and valence were between 50% and 60%, respectively. Our analysis showed that facial thermal infrared imaging data of baseline and other affective states may be separable. The results of this study suggest that classification of facial thermal infrared imaging data coupled with affect models can be used to provide information about an individual's affective state for potential use as a passive communication pathway.

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Mutual Information as a Measure of Contextual Effects on Single Switch Use

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

Validating an infrared thermal switch as a novel access technology

Predicting the concentration range of trace organic contaminants in recycled water using supervised classification

Classifying Affective States Using Thermal Infrared Imaging of the Human Face

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