Mutual dispersion of graphite–silica binary fillers and its effects on curing, mechanical, and aging properties of natural rubber composites

Alam, Md. Najib; Kumar, Vineet; Potiyaraj, Pranut; Lee, Dong-Joo; Prakash, Nunna Guru

doi:10.1007/s00289-021-03608-x

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, the elongation at break and tensile strength values are also higher for magnesium oxide. This might be due to higher reinforcing capabilities followed by better dispersion 63 of carbon black with lightweight amorphous magnesium oxide than with zinc oxide in the rubber vulcanization. These results signify that magnesium oxide as a cure activator can be effectively used for applications where the modulus can be controlled by the amount of reinforcing filler.…”

Section: Curing and Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Black-reinforced Rubber Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber

Alam

Kumar

Potiyaraj

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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We describe the synergistic activities of binary vulcanizing accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber. Thiuram type tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and thiocarbamate type zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC) accelerators in combination with dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) were investigated for the vulcanization of rubber. The cure, mechanical, and thermal properties of rubber vulcanizates were studied with magnesium oxide-based cure activator. Notable synergism in the delta torque, cross-link density, and mechanical properties was found when using binary accelerators with magnesium oxide. The zinc-containing thiocarbamate accelerator, ZDMC, showed better synergistic activity in presence of magnesium oxide than the non-zinc-based thiuram accelerator, TMTD. To find out the possibility of making a zinc-oxide-free natural rubber compound, a control compound was prepared with 5 phr of zinc oxide as a cure activator with the best evaluated binary accelerators system with magnesium oxide (3:6 millimolar ratio of ZDMC to MBTS). We also compared the curing and mechanical properties of carbon black-reinforced rubber with zinc oxide and magnesium oxide separately with this binary accelerators system. The results indicated that a completely zinc-oxide-free natural rubber compound was possible with comparable values in the mechanical properties, thermal properties and a higher rate of vulcanization.

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Section: Curing and Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Black-reinforced Rubber Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber

Alam

Kumar

Potiyaraj

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

Self Cite

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“…This may relate to the fact that too much filler affects the good flexibility of EPDM. In another study, Md Najib Alam et al explored the dispersion and reinforcement performance of binary fillers in natural rubber [ 44 ]. They found that binary fillers with a 1:1 ratio of silica to graphite powder provide excellent mechanical performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Multimodal Tactile Sensor Based on Conductive Rubber Composites to Monitor Pressure and Temperature

Zhu

Qian

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Stretchable and flexible tactile sensors have been extensively investigated for a variety of applications due to their outstanding sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility compared with conventional tactile sensors. However, implementing stretchable multimodal sensors with high performance is still a challenge. In this study, a stretchable multimodal tactile sensor based on conductive rubber composites was fabricated. Because of the pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive effects of the conductive rubber composites, the developed sensor can simultaneously measure pressure and temperature, and the sensor presented high sensitivity (0.01171 kPa−1 and 2.46–30.56%/°C) over a wide sensing range (0–110 kPa and 30–90 °C). The sensor also exhibited outstanding performance in terms of processability, stretchability, and repeatability. Furthermore, the fabricated stretchable multimodal tactile sensor did not require complex signal processing or a transmission circuit system. The strategy for stacking and layering conductive rubber composites of this work may supply a new idea for building multifunctional sensor-based electronics.

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“…These increases were due to the high reinforcing activity of the added fillers in the hybrid systems. Kumar et al [ 49 ] investigated graphite powder and precipitated silica as binary fillers in natural rubber composites. Filler dispersion was a critical parameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene (EPDM) Rubber Composites Filled with Raw Silicon Carbide or Hybrid Systems with Different Conventional Fillers

et al. 2022

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We studied the effects of silicon carbide (SiC) and SiC hybrid systems with different conventional fillers (silica, carbon black, graphene, hydrotalcite, halloysite) on the rheometric measurements, crosslink density, mechanical performance, aging stability, morphology, thermal behaviour, and flammability of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber composites. The hybrid filler systems showed technically promising synergetic effects on the performance of the EPDM composites. A pronounced reinforcing effect in EPDM composites filled with hybrid SiC filler systems was noted. Tensile strength increased in the systems with carbon black, silica, and graphene nanoplatelets, by 21%, 37%, and 68%, respectively, compared to the neat EPDM. Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a shift of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EPDM composites towards higher values following the incorporation of hybrid SiC fillers, indicating that the mobility of the macromolecule chains was restricted by the presence of filler particles. Importantly, the application of SiC as a filler in EPDM rubber composites contributed to a considerable reduction in flammability, as demonstrated by microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). The most promising results were obtained for HAL/SiC and LDH/SiC hybrid systems, which produced final composites with high flame retardancy and good mechanical performance. The study highlights the significant potential of SiC and SiC hybrid systems as effective fillers improving the properties of elastomer composites.

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Mutual dispersion of graphite–silica binary fillers and its effects on curing, mechanical, and aging properties of natural rubber composites

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber

Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Multimodal Tactile Sensor Based on Conductive Rubber Composites to Monitor Pressure and Temperature

Advanced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene (EPDM) Rubber Composites Filled with Raw Silicon Carbide or Hybrid Systems with Different Conventional Fillers

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