The advancement of communication and radar systems has triggered the demand for inband full-duplex (IBFD) operation. IBFD is regarded as one of the most outstanding technologies in terms of its ability to improve spectral efficiency and data rate. IBFD operation has the potential not only to enable communication or radar systems separately, but to help realising radar sensing and communication at the same time, known as Joint Communication and Sensing (JC&S) technology. In realisation of IBFD and JC&S systems, self-interference (SI) is the key challenge for antenna designers. In this article, a comprehensive survey on SI reduction techniques in the antenna domain is provided and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are studied. SI reduction techniques have been proposed separately but an elaborated review of relevant techniques with a comparative study has not been presented yet. For the first time, a systematic comparative study of different SI reduction techniques is graphically presented to cover a comparison based on isolation, gain, and impedance bandwidth in terms of before and after SI reduction techniques. Moreover, this study also explores how antenna isolation characteristics vary with respect to the thickness and the permittivity of the substrate without any SI reduction technique.
K E Y W O R D S antenna radiation patterns, antenna theory, antennas
| INTRODUCTIONThe use of radios has been continuously increasing both in industrial and commercial electronic devices which has caused a multi-fold expansion in wireless data traffic as well as the congestion of the available radio spectrum [1]. This pushed the researchers both in the industry and academia to investigate new methods such as full-duplex (in-band full duplex [IBFD]) communication techniques in order to mitigate the present wireless spectral congestion challenges. Traditional two types of communication systems as shown in Figure 1 include terminals (e.g. base station, mobile or etc.) that serve as both transmitter and receivers [2]. These terminals usually operate in half-duplex that implies the transmitted and received signals separated either in time or frequency. Based on the separation, two techniques, namely Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are used. In TDD, the transmit and receive signal are separated in time domain whereas in FDD the signals are separated in the frequency domain. In addition, there is also simplex communication system which sends information only in one direction. To create half-duplex system, it is required to have two simplex channels operating in opposite direction at the same time [3]. Compared to the traditional half-duplexing techniques, IBFD radios transmit and receive at the same frequency band and the time leading to the theoretically doubled data rate support and increased spectral efficiency as well as the increased capacity of the wireless network [1][2][3][4][5]. Beyond spectral efficiency, using IBFD architecture enables to realise both mono-static radar and ful...