MutLγ enforces meiotic crossovers inArabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

During meiosis, each chromosome pair experiences at least one crossover (CO), which directs their balanced segregation in addition to shuffling genetic information. COs tend to be away from each other, a phenomenon known as CO interference. The main biochemical pathway for CO formation, which is conserved in distant eukaryotes, involves the ZMM proteins together with the MLH1-MLH3 complex (MutLgamma). Here, we aim to clarify the role of MutLgamma in CO formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that AtMutLgamma is partially dispensable for ZMM-dependant CO formation. HEI10 large foci -that mark CO sites in wild-type- form at a normal level in mlh1 and mlh3 mutants, but are inefficiently maturated into COs. Mutating the MUS81 nuclease in either mlh1 or mlh3 leads to chromosome fragmentation, which is suppressed by further mutating the zmm msh5. This suggests that in the absence of MutLgamma, recombination intermediates produced by ZMMs are resolved by MUS81, which does not ensure CO formation. Finally, CO interference is not affected in mlh1, which is compatible with a random sub-sampling of normally patterned CO sites. We conclude that AtMutLgamma imposes designated recombination intermediates to be resolved exclusively as COs, supporting the view that MutLgamma asymmetrically resolves double-Holliday junctions, yielding COs.