Mutations in the C. elegans Succinate Dehydrogenase Iron–Sulfur Subunit Promote Superoxide Generation and Premature Aging

Small sizes of TiO2-NPs exhibit adverse effects at predicted environmental relevant concentrations on nematodes in a modified chronic toxicity assay system

“…**P < 0.01. formation of adverse effects on locomotion behaviors in 4 nm and 10 nm TiO 2 -NPs chronically exposed nematodes. Ascorbate and NAC are two antioxidants, and treatment with 10 mM ascorbate or 5 mM NAC did not influence survival of nematodes [46]. Treatment with 10 mM ascorbate or 5 mM NAC effectively inhibited the induction of ROS production in nematodes chronically exposed to 4 nm and 10 nm TiO 2 -NPs at the concentration of 0.1 g/L ( Fig.…”

Nanoalumina induces apoptosis by impairing antioxidant enzyme systems in human hepatocarcinoma cells

“…When ROS generation increases or ROS defense mechanisms are compromised, cells and animals are said to be under oxidative stress. 23 When free radicals come in close contact with the cellular organelles, they may oxidize macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), resulting in significant oxidative damage to cells.…”

Invertebrates Mitochondrial Function and Energetic Challenges

“…Furthermore, C. elegans has been used as a model to investigate the mitochondrial mechanisms of human aging and tumourigenesis by studying the catalytic effects of mutation in the genes encoding the SDH iron-sulphur subunit. Promising results suggest that the SDH ubiquinone-binding site can become a source of superoxide and that the pathological consequences of SDH mutations can be diminished with antioxidants, such as ascorbate and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (Huang & Lemire, 2009 Is a multimeric enzyme complex involved in the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome C, and it is also coupled to electrons' transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This bovine enzyme is formed by 10 nuclear encoded subunits, with only one encoded in the mtDNA (Xia et al, 1997).…”