Mutations in a barley cytochrome P450 gene enhances pathogen induced programmed cell death and cutin layer instability

Abstract

Disease lesion mimic mutants (DLMMs) are characterized by spontaneous development of necrotic spots with various phenotypes designated as necrotic ( nec ) mutants in barley. The nec mutants were traditionally considered to have aberrant regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, which have roles in plant immunity and development. Most barley nec3 mutants express cream to orange necrotic lesions contrasting them from typical spontaneous DLMMs that develop dark pigmented lesions indicative of serotonin/phenolics deposition. Also, barley nec3 mutants grown under sterile conditions did not exhibit necrotic phenotypes until inoculated with adapted pathogens suggesting that they are not typical DLMMs. The F 2 progeny of a cross between nec3- γ1 and variety Quest segregated as a single recessive gene post inoculation with Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of the disease spot blotch . Nec3 was genetically delimited to 0.14 cM representing 16.5 megabases of physical sequence containing 149 annotated high confidence genes. RNAseq and comparative analysis of wild type and five independent nec3 mutants identified a single candidate cytochrome P450 gene (HORVU.MOREX.r2.6HG0460850) that was validated as nec3 by independent mutations that result in predicted nonfunctional proteins. Histology studies determined that nec3 mutants had an unstable cutin layer that disrupted normal Bipolaris sorokiniana germ tube development.

Reverse genetic approaches for breeding nutrient-rich and climate-resilient cereal and food legume crops

“…In barley, RNAseq and comparative analysis of wild type and nec3 mutants resulted in the identification of a candidate gene Nec3, which is responsible for biosynthesis of Tryptamine 5-Hydroxylase. This enzyme functions as a terminal serotonin biosynthetic enzyme in the tryptophan pathway of plants (Ameen et al 2021).…”