Mutation of the Plastidial α-Glucan Phosphorylase Gene in Rice Affects the Synthesis and Structure of Starch in the Endosperm

Satoh, Hiroyuki; Shibahara, Kensuke; Tokunaga, Takashi; Nishi, Aiko; Tasaki, Mikako; Hwang, Seon‐Kap; Okita, Thomas W.; Kaneko, Nanae; Fujita, Naoko; Yoshida, Mayumi; Hosaka, Yuko; Sato, Aya; Utsumi, Yoshinori; Ohdan, Takashi; Nakamura, Yasunori

doi:10.1105/tpc.107.054007

Cited by 259 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A mandatory role of both isoamylase and pullanase types of debranching enzyme for amylopectin biosynthesis was clearly shown in maize endosperm and Arabidopsis leaves Streb et al, 2008). Mutation of the plastidial a-glucan phosphorylase gene affects the synthesis and fine structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm (Satoh et al, 2008). Therefore, the strong expression of PHO1 in barley may also be connected with starch synthesis.…”

Section: In the Developing Endosperm Starch Breakdown Occurs In The mentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatiotemporal Profiling of Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in the Developing Barley Grain

Borisjuk²,

et al. 2009

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains synthesize starch as the main storage compound. However, some starch is degraded already during caryopsis development. We studied temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes coding for enzymes of starch synthesis and degradation. These profiles coupled with measurements of selected enzyme activities and metabolites have allowed us to propose a role for starch degradation in maternal and filial tissues of developing grains. Early maternal pericarp functions as a major short-term starch storage tissue, possibly ensuring sink strength of the young caryopsis. Gene expression patterns and enzyme activities suggest two different pathways for starch degradation in maternal tissues. One pathway possibly occurs via a-amylases 1 and 4 and b-amylase 1 in pericarp, nucellus, and nucellar projection, tissues that undergo programmed cell death. Another pathway is deducted for living pericarp and chlorenchyma cells, where transient starch breakdown correlates with expression of chloroplast-localized b-amylases 5, 6, and 7, glucan, water dikinase 1, phosphoglucan, water dikinase, isoamylase 3, and disproportionating enzyme. The suite of genes involved in starch synthesis in filial starchy endosperm is much more complex than in pericarp and involves several endosperm-specific genes. Transient starch turnover occurs in transfer cells, ensuring the maintenance of sink strength in filial tissues and the reallocation of sugars into more proximal regions of the starchy endosperm. Starch is temporally accumulated also in aleurone cells, where it is degraded during the seed filling period, to be replaced by storage proteins and lipids.

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Section: In the Developing Endosperm Starch Breakdown Occurs In The mentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatiotemporal Profiling of Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in the Developing Barley Grain

Borisjuk²,

et al. 2009

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“…However, we failed to detect SSIIIa in the granule-bound fraction in both TQ and TRS (data not shown). For Pho1, it has been reported that it produces short-chained MOS, and the resulting maltooligosaccharides (MOS) is able to prime amylose synthesis (Kitamura et al, 1982;Satoh et al, 2008). Pho1 exhibited a granule-bound fraction in TRS (Fig.…”

Section: Granule-bound Amylopectin Biosynthetic Enzymes Are An Importmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amylopectin is synthesized by the combined action of several isoforms, including starch synthases (SSs), starch branching synthases (SBEs), and debranching enzymes (DBEs; Nakamura, 2002;Davis et al, 2003;Tetlow, 2006). In addition, starch phosphorylase 1 (Pho1) also has been reported to play a role in starch synthesis, although its precise role remains elusive (Yu et al, 2001;Satoh et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradually Decreasing Starch Branching Enzyme Expression Is Responsible for the Formation of Heterogeneous Starch Granules

Wang

Lin

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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Rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm is mainly occupied by homogeneous polygonal starch from inside to outside. However, morphologically different (heterogeneous) starches have been identified in some rice mutants. How these heterogeneous starches form remains unknown. A high-amylose rice line (TRS) generated through the antisense inhibition of starch branching synthase I (SBEI) and SBEIIb contains four heterogeneous starches: polygonal, aggregate, elongated, and hollow starch; these starches are regionally distributed in the endosperm from inside to outside. Here, we investigated the relationship between SBE dosage and the morphological architecture of heterogeneous starches in TRS endosperm from the view of the molecular structure of starch. The results indicated that their molecular structures underwent regular changes, including gradually increasing true amylose content but decreasing amylopectin content and gradually increasing the ratio of amylopectin long chain but decreasing the ratio of amylopectin short chain. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) amounts in the four heterogeneous starches were not significantly different from each other, but SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb showed a gradually decreasing trend. Further immunostaining analysis revealed that the gradually decreasing SBEs acting on the formation of the four heterogeneous granules were mainly due to the spatial distribution of the three SBEs in the endosperm. It was suggested that the decreased amylopectin in starch might remove steric hindrance and provide extra space for abundant amylose accumulation when the GBSSI amount was not elevated. Furthermore, extra amylose coupled with altered amylopectin structure possibly led to morphological changes in heterogeneous granules.

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“…Another research suggested that the loss of Pho1 causes starch granules to turn to small in size and modified the amylopectin structure in rice by the Pho1 mutation [64].…”

Section: Differential Expression and Phosphorylation Between A-and B-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative proteome analysis of A- and B-type starch granule-associated proteins in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Aegilops crassa

Cao

Xing

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Proteomics

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Comparative proteome analysis of A-and B-type starch granule-associated proteins in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Aegilops crassa, Journal of Proteomics (2014Proteomics ( ), doi: 10.1016Proteomics ( /j.jprot.2014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E DM A N U S C R I P T Our results demonstrated that the large granule size is associated with higher activities of multiple starch biosynthesis enzymes. The phosphorylation of starch biosynthesis enzymes is related with the formation of B-type starch granules. Biological significanceAnalysed the proteome, transcriptome and phosphorylation of core starch granule biosynthesis enzymes and provided new insights into the differential mechanisms underlying the A-and B-type starch granules biosyntheses. A C C E P T E D

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Mutation of the Plastidial α-Glucan Phosphorylase Gene in Rice Affects the Synthesis and Structure of Starch in the Endosperm

Cited by 259 publications

References 65 publications

Spatiotemporal Profiling of Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in the Developing Barley Grain

Spatiotemporal Profiling of Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in the Developing Barley Grain

Gradually Decreasing Starch Branching Enzyme Expression Is Responsible for the Formation of Heterogeneous Starch Granules

Comparative proteome analysis of A- and B-type starch granule-associated proteins in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Aegilops crassa

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