Mutation, Condition, and the Maintenance of Extended Lifespan in Drosophila

Kimber, Christopher M; Chippindale, Adam K.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.049

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…First, positive mutational correlations are consistently found between different fitness components (62)(63)(64). Corresponding to this, the overall effects of deleterious mutations on any single component, as measured by the α andα parameters described above (Table S8), are often only a fraction of their net fitness effects (37,41,62,(65)(66)(67). Similarly, the net fitness reduction caused by homozygosity for second or third chromosomes extracted from natural populations is several times the corresponding reduction for viability (37,68).…”

Section: Quantitative Genetics Analyses Of Fitness Components In Drosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of natural variation in fitness: Evidence from studies of Drosophila populations

Charlesworth

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

256

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DNA sequencing has revealed high levels of variability within most species. Statistical methods based on population genetics theory have been applied to the resulting data and suggest that most mutations affecting functionally important sequences are deleterious but subject to very weak selection. Quantitative genetic studies have provided information on the extent of genetic variation within populations in traits related to fitness and the rate at which variability in these traits arises by mutation. This paper attempts to combine the available information from applications of the two approaches to populations of the fruitfly Drosophila in order to estimate some important parameters of genetic variation, using a simple population genetics model of mutational effects on fitness components. Analyses based on this model suggest the existence of a class of mutations with much larger fitness effects than those inferred from sequence variability and that contribute most of the standing variation in fitness within a population caused by the input of mildly deleterious mutations. However, deleterious mutations explain only part of this standing variation, and other processes such as balancing selection appear to make a large contribution to genetic variation in fitness components in Drosophila.

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Section: Quantitative Genetics Analyses Of Fitness Components In Drosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of natural variation in fitness: Evidence from studies of Drosophila populations

Charlesworth

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

256

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“…R. Soc. B 281: 20141242 theoretical prediction has not been observed for flies maintained on this life cycle [45]. Note, however, that other studies in Drosophila have found that age-related effects on trait expression are largely trait-dependent; many traits do not exhibit a pronounced deterioration in function during the first two weeks of life, including metabolic rate, protein synthesis, geotaxis and fertility [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Transgenerational interactions involving parental age and immune status affect female reproductive success inDrosophila melanogaster

Nystrand

Dowling

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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It is well established that the parental phenotype can influence offspring phenotypic expression, independent of the effects of the offspring's own genotype. Nonetheless, the evolutionary implications of such parental effects remain unclear, partly because previous studies have generally overlooked the potential for interactions between parental sources of non-genetic variance to influence patterns of offspring phenotypic expression. We tested for such interactions, subjecting male and female Drosophila melanogaster of two different age classes to an immune activation challenge or a control treatment. Flies were then crossed in all age and immune status combinations, and the reproductive success of their immune-and control-treated daughters measured. We found that daughters produced by two younger parents exhibited reduced reproductive success relative to those of other parental age combinations. Furthermore, immune-challenged daughters exhibited higher reproductive success when produced by immune-challenged relative to control-treated mothers, a pattern consistent with transgenerational immune priming. Finally, a complex interplay between paternal age and parental immune statuses influenced daughter's reproductive success. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of age-and immune-mediated parental effects, traceable to both parents, and regulated by interactions between parents and between parents and offspring.

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“…Two blocks were run approximately two weeks apart to allow for uncontrolled environmental effects. While our estimate of fitness only captured early-life fecundity, earlylife fitness appears to be genetically correlated with later-life fitness in D. melanogaster [36].…”

Section: (D) Fecundity Diallelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of genetic models for the evolutionary maintenance of same-sex sexual behaviour

2015

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The evolutionary maintenance of same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) has received increasing attention because it is perceived to be an evolutionary paradox. The genetic basis of SSB is almost wholly unknown in non-human animals, though this is key to understanding its persistence. Recent theoretical work has yielded broadly applicable predictions centred on two genetic models for SSB: overdominance and sexual antagonism. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we assayed natural genetic variation for male SSB and empirically tested predictions about the mode of inheritance and fitness consequences of alleles influencing its expression. We screened 50 inbred lines derived from a wild population for male-male courtship and copulation behaviour, and examined crosses between the lines for evidence of overdominance and antagonistic fecundity selection. Consistent variation among lines revealed heritable genetic variation for SSB, but the nature of the genetic variation was complex. Phenotypic and fitness variation was consistent with expectations under overdominance, although predictions of the sexual antagonism model were also supported. We found an unexpected and strong paternal effect on the expression of SSB, suggesting possible Y-linkage of the trait. Our results inform evolutionary genetic mechanisms that might maintain low but persistently observed levels of male SSB in D. melanogaster, but highlight a need for broader taxonomic representation in studies of its evolutionary causes.

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Mutation, Condition, and the Maintenance of Extended Lifespan in Drosophila

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Causes of natural variation in fitness: Evidence from studies of Drosophila populations

Causes of natural variation in fitness: Evidence from studies of Drosophila populations

Transgenerational interactions involving parental age and immune status affect female reproductive success inDrosophila melanogaster

A test of genetic models for the evolutionary maintenance of same-sex sexual behaviour

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