Mutation Breeding for Crop Improvement: A Review

Abstract

Despite the fact that the world is at the rapid phase of agricultural modernization, but we are still concerned about food security. To meet the demand of exponential increase in population there is requirement of 70% more food by 2050. To overcome this situation we have to improve our existing crop varieties and make them genetically diverse, adaptive to climate change, input use efficient, high yielding, enhanced nutritional attributes, and better adaptable to a wide range of agro-ecosystems and should not deteriorate existing environment. Among the various methods of breeding to improve crop varieties mutation breeding (induced mutation) plays a crucial role for the development of genetic variation among themselves. Over past five decade mutation breeding is getting more popular and till now 3,362 mutant plant varieties from 240 different plant species in more than 75 countries are released. Different types of physical, chemical and combined mutagens have been used by various breeder to induce genetic variability in various crops. 2635 varieties are developed by physical mutagens, 398 varieties are developed by chemical mutagens and 37 varieties are developed by combination of physical and chemical mutagens. Continent wise, 82 varieties are developed by Africa, 2049 by Asia, 10 by Australia and Pacific, 959 by Europe, 53 by Latin America, and 209 by North America. Similarly, 1602 major cereals, 501 major legumes and 86 major oil seed mutant crop varieties are developed by mutation breeding/induced mutation. Mutation breeding improve several qualitative and quantitative characters of crop plant and is successfully applied in several cereal, grain legume, oil seed, vegetable, fruits, medicinal plant, ornamental plants and fodder crops. With the advancement of various plant breeding, genetics, and biotechnological tools mutation breeding contribute toward the increase in global food and agriculture production which ultimately overcome global hunger and improve the nutritional status of the globe.

The Key Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase 2 (GDH2) in the Control of Kernel Production in Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Generally, mutagenesis was a highly successful plant breeding strategy in order to improve crop productivity [ 33 , 34 ]. However, neither in a model nor in crop species has a beneficial impact in terms of NUE, yield of a mutation on a gene encoding a protein or an enzyme directly involved in N metabolism been reported so far.…”

Gamma-Rays and Microwaves Irradiation Influence on Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba): Ii – Proteomic Analysis Linked to Plant Height and Crude Proteins

“…To determine their toxicity or side effects, most of these studies concentrated on weak (> 0.5 mW cm -2 ) and low-frequency magnetic fields. However, the use of a microwave boosted plant height, fresh mass, and germination done by Aladjadjiyan (2002), Belayavskaya (2004), Łupinska et al (2009), Han (2010), and improved crop yield and quality (Pandit et al, 2021).…”

Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia): a minor legume with major potential to address global agricultural challenges

“…Mutation is a highly effective technique to generate the desired variation in crop plants. It has been extensively used in many of the world’s most important crops, including wheat, rice, pulses, millets, and oilseeds, and several original and review studies show its effectiveness ( Khadke and Kothekar, 2011 ; Raina et al., 2016 ; Jegadeesan and Reddy, 2018 ; Pandit et al., 2021 ). Work on the varietal improvement of moth bean crop is minimal; a mutation breeding programme in moth bean was taken up in 1983, to isolating mutants with high yield potential, early maturing and at the same time possessing tolerance to drought conditions.…”