Mutation Breeding for Crop Improvement

Kharkwal, M. C.; Pandey, R. N.; Pawar, S. E.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1040-5_26

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A Swedish mutation program led by A. Gustafsson gave additional insights into plant mutation breeding (Lundqvist, 2009). Subsequently, several countries began efforts to improve crop species with new mutagenesis programs (Kharkwal et al, 2004).…”

Section: Classical Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

From classical mutagenesis to nuclease‐based breeding – directing natural DNA repair for a natural end‐product

2017

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Production of mutants of crop plants by the use of chemical or physical genotoxins has a long tradition. These factors induce the natural DNA repair machinery to repair damage in an error-prone way. In the case of radiation, multiple double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced randomly in the genome, leading in very rare cases to a desirable phenotype. In recent years the use of synthetic, site-directed nucleases (SDNs) - also referred to as sequence-specific nucleases - like the CRISPR/Cas system has enabled scientists to use exactly the same naturally occurring DNA repair mechanisms for the controlled induction of genomic changes at pre-defined sites in plant genomes. As these changes are not necessarily associated with the permanent integration of foreign DNA, the obtained organisms per se cannot be regarded as genetically modified as there is no way to distinguish them from natural variants. This applies to changes induced by DSBs as well as single-strand breaks, and involves repair by non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. The recent development of SDN-based 'DNA-free' approaches makes mutagenesis strategies in classical breeding indistinguishable from SDN-derived targeted genome modifications, even in regard to current regulatory rules. With the advent of new SDN technologies, much faster and more precise genome editing becomes available at reasonable cost, and potentially without requiring time-consuming deregulation of newly created phenotypes. This review will focus on classical mutagenesis breeding and the application of newly developed SDNs in order to emphasize similarities in the context of the regulatory situation for genetically modified crop plants.

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Section: Classical Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

From classical mutagenesis to nuclease‐based breeding – directing natural DNA repair for a natural end‐product

2017

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“…Nearly 3000 mutant induced and mutant-derived crop varieties for commercial utilization proves that among the different methods, induced mutation is an effective breeding method for generating new germplasm in crop improvement (Ishige, 2009). Kharkwal et al (2004) reported that using physical mutagens, 89% of the mutant varieties have been developed worldwide and gamma rays alone contributed 60%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of rapeseed mutants for higher yield and yield contributing traits

Malek

Rafii

Khatun

2017

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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Seven mutants along with the mother variety were evaluated following randomized complete block design with four replicates at four rapeseed growing areas of Bangladesh during 2013-2014 to observe their performances regarding seed yield and yield attributes, and to select promising mutants having higher seed yield with short maturity period. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variations among the mutants and the check for most of the characters studied in individual location and combined over locations. The mutant RM-01-07 required the shortest maturity period except Rangpur and the mother variety Binasarisha-4 required the longest. At Mymensingh and Rangpur, mutant RM-02-07 produced the tallest plant. Both at Mymensingh and Magura, RM-01-07 produced the highest number of siliquae plant -1 and the mother variety produced the lowest siliquae plant -1 . At Ishurdi, RM-10-07 produced the highest number siliquae followed by RM-03-07. Combined means over locations showed that the six mutants matured earlier except the mutant RM-03-07 and most of the mutants produced higher number of branches plant -1 compared to the mother variety. Results over different locations also showed that the three mutants RM-01-07, RM-10-07 and RM-04-07 produced significantly higher seed yield (1912, 1846 and 1862 kg/ha, respectively) which was 15.1, 12.1 and 11.1% higher than the mother variety, Binasarisha-4 with seed yield of 1661 kg/ha. These three mutants had also the higher number of siliquae than the mother variety. This suggests that gamma rays irradiation can be fruitfully applied to develop mutants with higher seed yield and other improved agronomic traits in oleiferous Brassica.

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“…Since black gram yield has remained low across tropical and subtropical Asia, it is important to estimate the genetic diversity in existing cultivars, in order to determine whether a lack of genetic variability might be a constraining factor to improvement (Sivaprakash et al 2004). The increasing demand for protein-rich raw materials for animal feed or intermediate products for human nutrition has lead to greater interest in this crop as a protein source (Kharkwal et al 2004). Black gram varieties can be differentiated into many types based on their morphological and cytological markers, but these markers are not useful for breeding analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficiency of RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) vari

Karuppanapandian

Wang²,

Karuppudurai

et al. 2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, W. 2010. Efficiency of RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 443Á452. The DNA fingerprinting methodologies, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were used to estimate genetic diversity and relationships among 20 black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) varieties. Thirty selected RAPD primers amplified 255 bands, 168 of which were polymorphic (66.5%). On average, these primers produced 8.5 bands, 5.6 of which were polymorphic. Polymorphic band number varied from 2 (A-05) to 10 (OPA-02), with sizes ranging from 100 to 2550 bp. Twenty-four selected ISSR primers produced 238 amplified products, 184 of which were polymorphic (77.8%). On average, these primers generated 9.8 bands, with 7.7 polymorphic bands ranging in number from 4 (ISSR-13) to 11 (ISSR-03), and size from 100Á2650 bp. Genetic relationships were estimated using similarity coefficient (Jaccard's) values between different accession pairs; these varied from 30.7 to 85.0 for RAPD, and from 37.2 to 88.4 with ISSR. UPGMA analysis indicated that the varieties ranged in similarity from 0.50 to 1.00 (mean of 0.75) for RAPD, and from 0.47 to 1.00 (mean of 0.76) with ISSR. Cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR results identified three clusters with significant bootstrap values, which revealed greater homology between the varieties. Principal coordinates analysis also supported this conclusion. Among the black gram varieties, WBU-108 and RBU-38 were highly divergent, whereas LBG-648 and LBG-623 were genetically similar. The markers generated by RAPD and ISSR assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources and these results will also provide useful information for the molecular classification and breeding of new black gram varieties.

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Mutation Breeding for Crop Improvement

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

From classical mutagenesis to nuclease‐based breeding – directing natural DNA repair for a natural end‐product

From classical mutagenesis to nuclease‐based breeding – directing natural DNA repair for a natural end‐product

Selection of rapeseed mutants for higher yield and yield contributing traits

Efficiency of RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) vari

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