Mutation and duplication of arthropod acetylcholinesterase: Implications for pesticide resistance and tolerance

Lee, Si Hyeock; Kim, Young Ho; Kwon, Deok Ho; Jea, Deok; Kim, Ju Hyeon

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.004

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Generally, AChE1 is the major enzyme in insects, which is more abundant than AChE2. The expression of ace1 is higher than ace2 in some insect species 9, 10, 18, 19 , while the opposite is true in others. The AChE2 in B. mori and Apis mellifera is the major enzyme in synaptic transmission 20, 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways

Yang

Stanley

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Among its other biological roles, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), encoded by two ace in most insects, catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby terminating synaptic transmission. ace1 encodes the synaptic enzyme and ace2 has other essential actions in many insect species, such as Chilo suppressalis and Plutella xylostella. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been domesticated for more than two thousand years and its aces have no history of pesticide exposure. Here, we investigated the functional differences between two ace genes, BmAce1 and BmAce2, in the silkworm. qPCR analysis indicated that BmAce1 is highly expressed in muscle and BmAce2 is more ubiquitously expressed among tissues and enriched in the head. Both genes were separately suppressed using chemically synthesized siRNAs. The mRNA abundance of the two ace genes was significantly reduced to about 13% – 75% of the control levels after siRNA injection. The AChE activities were decreased to 32% to 85% of control levels. Silencing BmAce2 resulted in about 26% mortality, faster and higher than the 20% in the siBmAce1-treated group. Silencing BmAce1 impacted motor control and development to a greater extent than silencing BmAce2, although both treatment groups suffered motor disability, slowed development and reduced cocoons. Both genes have essential, differing biological significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways

Yang

Stanley

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Point mutations in insect ace genes usually result in insecticide resistance (Lee et al 2015). Therefore, these genes have attracted much attention in insecticide toxicological studies (Alizadeh et al 2014, Miao et al 2016, Zhou et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many insect species, point mutations in AChEs affect sensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (Lee et al 2015). For the purpose to find potential point mutation sites that may be associated with insecticide resistances in two PrAChEs, we compared the amino acid variations of the PrAChEs with AChEs from other insect species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These insecticides bind to the serine residue located on the active center of AChEs, inhibiting the ACh hydrolyzing activity (Casida and Durkin 2013). In those insect species that have both ace1 and ace2 genes, point mutations in ace1 often cause amino acid substitutions in AChE1, and this is the main mechanism for resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (Lee et al 2015). For example, an A216S substitution in AChE1 increases chlorpyrifos resistance in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Wu et al 2015), and a G119S mutation in several mosquito species leads to insecticide insensitivity (Weill et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Two Acetylcholinesterase Genes From the Small White Butterfly Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Jiang

Liu

2018

Journal of Insect Science

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Acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) are essential for the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and play crucial roles in the termination of neurotransmission. AChEs are encoded by the ace genes. However, the ace genes from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), remained uncharacterized. In this study, two aces (Prace1 and Prace2) were identified from P. rapae. Prace1 encoded a PrAChE1 protein consisting of 694 amino acid residues, and Prace2 encoded the 638-amino-acid PrAChE2. The two identified PrAChEs both had features typical of AChEs, including the catalytic triad, choline-binding sites, an oxyanion hole, an acyl pocket, a peripheral anionic subsite, an FGESAG motif and 14 conserved aromatic amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Prace1 and Prace2 were clustered into two distinct groups: ace1 and ace2, respectively. The two Praces were distributed on different genomic scaffolds: Prace1 on scaffold 156 and Prace2 on scaffold 430. Additionally, Prace1 consisted of three exons and two introns, whereas Prace2 consisted of six exons and five introns. One amino acid mutation (Gly324Ala) in PrAChE1 and two (Ser291Gly and Ser431Phe) in PrAChE2 were consistent with mutations in other insect AChEs that are associated with insecticide insensitivity. Both Prace1 and Prace2 were highly expressed at the fifth-instar larval stage and in the larval head, and the transcriptional levels of Prace1 were significantly higher than those of Prace2 in all of the tested life stages and tissues. This is the first report characterizing two ace genes in P. rapae. The results pave the way for functional study of these genes.

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“…The G119S mutation, which lies within the active “gorge” in ace-1 of Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens , results in resistance to propoxur [14]. Many resistance-associated mutations have also been identified in other insect pests [15–17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE: an efficient and sensitive tool to detect insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase from RNA-Seq data

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInsecticide resistance is a substantial problem in controlling agricultural and medical pests. Detecting target site mutations is crucial to manage insecticide resistance. Though PCR-based methods have been widely used in this field, they are time-consuming and inefficient, and typically have a high false positive rate. Acetylcholinesterases (Ace) is the neural target of the widely used organophosphate (OP) and carbamate insecticides. However, there is not any software available to detect insecticide resistance associated mutations in RNA-Seq data at present.ResultsA computational pipeline ACE was developed to detect resistance mutations of ace in insect RNA-Seq data. Known ace resistance mutations were collected and used as a reference. We constructed a Web server for ACE, and the standalone software in both Linux and Windows versions is available for download. ACE was used to analyse 971 RNA-Seq data from 136 studies in 7 insect pests. The mutation frequency of each RNA-Seq dataset was calculated. The results indicated that the resistance frequency was 30%–44% in an eastern Ugandan Anopheles population, thus suggesting this resistance-conferring mutation has reached high frequency in these mosquitoes in Uganda. Analyses of RNA-Seq data from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella indicated that the G227A mutation was positively related with resistance levels to organophosphate or carbamate insecticides. The wasp Nasonia vitripennis had a low frequency of resistant reads (<5%), but the agricultural pests Chilo suppressalis and Bemisia tabaci had a high resistance frequency. All ace reads in the 30 B. tabaci RNA-Seq data were resistant reads, suggesting that insecticide resistance has spread to very high frequency in B. tabaci. ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, the ACE pipeline is the first tool to detect resistance mutations from RNA-Seq data, and it facilitates the full utilization of large-scale genetic data obtained by using next-generation sequencing.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1741-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mutation and duplication of arthropod acetylcholinesterase: Implications for pesticide resistance and tolerance

Cited by 59 publications

References 51 publications

Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways

Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Two Acetylcholinesterase Genes From the Small White Butterfly Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

ACE: an efficient and sensitive tool to detect insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase from RNA-Seq data

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