Mutation analysis of the spike protein in Italian feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline enteric coronavirus sequences

Decaro, Nicola; Mari, Viviana; Lanave, Gianvito; Lorusso, Eleonora; Lucente, Maria Stella; Desario, Costantina; Colaianni, Maria Loredana; Elia, Gabriella; Ferringo, Furio; Alfano, Flora; Buonavoglia, Canio

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.023

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, it is possible that low sensitivity of the S gene RT-qPCR resulted from mismatches between the used primers and the highly variable FCoV S gene. A recent study investigated the presence of spike gene mutations in FCoV from cats with and without FIP in Italy and suggested that sequencing of the regions of interest within the S gene might be more suitable for detection of S gene mutations than mutation analysis by using RT-qPCR with specific primers [46]. As a consequence of the low sensitivity of S gene RT-qPCR, it remains debatable whether the addition of S gene mutation analysis to RT-qPCR in CSF samples improves the ability to diagnose FIP and whether the S gene mutations examined are truly specific for FIP rather than being a marker of systemic spread of FCoV, as proposed previously [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact nature of these mutations is still unknown. Previous investigations have suggested a correlation between amino acid substitutions M1058L and S1060A within the S protein and FIP [45,46]. Based on these results, a RT-qPCR that can distinguish FCoV with and without those mutations was developed in order to increase RT-qPCR specificity and subsequently, this S gene RT-qPCR was evaluated as a diagnostic test that is commercially available in different sample material from cats suspected of having FIP [47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Value of Detecting Feline Coronavirus RNA and Spike Gene Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Confirm Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Felten¹,

Matiasek²,

Leutenegger

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: Cats with neurologic feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) are difficult to diagnose. Aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of detecting feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA and spike (S) gene mutations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: The study included 30 cats with confirmed FIP (six with neurological signs) and 29 control cats (eleven with neurological signs) with other diseases resulting in similar clinical signs. CSF was tested for FCoV RNA by 7b-RT-qPCR in all cats. In RT-qPCR-positive cases, S-RT-qPCR was additionally performed to identify spike gene mutations. Results: Nine cats with FIP (9/30, 30%), but none of the control cats were positive for FCoV RNA in CSF. Sensitivity of 7b-RT-qPCR in CSF was higher for cats with neurological FIP (83.3%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 41.8–98.9) than for cats with non-neurological FIP (16.7%; 95% CI 6.1–36.5). Spike gene mutations were rarely detected. Conclusions: FCoV RNA was frequently present in CSF of cats with neurological FIP, but only rarely in cats with non-neurological FIP. Screening for spike gene mutations did not enhance specificity in this patient group. Larger populations of cats with neurological FIP should be explored in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Detecting Feline Coronavirus RNA and Spike Gene Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Confirm Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Felten¹,

Matiasek²,

Leutenegger

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“… 10 , 18 The M1058L mutation has been widely studied and sequenced in cats both with and without FIP; the current view is that M1058L is not predictive of the development of FIP, but is associated with systemic spread of FCoV. 9 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in shelter-housed cats: molecular analysis of the feline coronavirus S1/S2 cleavage site consistent with a ‘circulating virulent–avirulent theory’ of FIP pathogenesis

Healey

André

Miller

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case series summary This case series describes three shelter-housed cats concurrently diagnosed with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The cats were from a cohort of seven surrendered from the site of a house fire. The three cats presented with mild upper respiratory signs. Within 10 days they clinically declined: progressive signs included pyrexia, icterus, lethargy, anorexia and cavitary effusions. Necropsy followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a diagnosis of FIP in all three. Molecular analysis of the causative feline coronavirus (FCoV) revealed varied amino acid alterations in the spike gene both between cats and between sample types in individual cats. A fourth cat from the cohort remained healthy in the shelter but succumbed to FIP 6 weeks post-adoption. Relevance and novel information This case series places FCoV genetic sequences in the context of clinical signs in a small shelter outbreak. Each of the three cats concurrently developed a slightly different clinical presentation. PCR amplification and genetic sequencing revealed that two cats shared an S1/S2 cleavage site mutation (R790S) previously described to be associated with the development of FIP; one of the cats had an additional S1/S2 cleavage site mutation (R793S). The third cat had a single, identical S1/S2 point mutation (R790G) unique from the other two cats; the R790G mutation has not been previously reported. This case series provides interesting data on point mutations associated with the development of FIP and provides support for a ‘circulating virulent–avirulent theory’ of FIP pathogenesis in a small shelter outbreak.

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“…FeLV has been also associated with icterus and various inflammatory and degenerative liver diseases including focal liver necrosis [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. FIPV is a hypervirulent feline coronavirus that results from genomic RNA mutations triggering the ability to enter and replicate in macrophages [ 10 , 11 ]. An immune mediated vasculitis occurs if the virus is not eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Hepatotropic Viruses in Cats: A Brief Review

Capozza

Decaro

Beikpour

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The possible role of viruses in feline liver disease has long remained neglected. However, in 2018, an analogue of human hepatitis B virus was identified in cats. Moreover, antibodies for human hepatitis E have been detected consistently at various prevalence rates in cats. Although the correlation between these viruses and the liver injury in cats must be clarified, hepatotropic viruses might represent an increasing risk for feline and public health.

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Mutation analysis of the spike protein in Italian feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline enteric coronavirus sequences

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Diagnostic Value of Detecting Feline Coronavirus RNA and Spike Gene Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Confirm Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Diagnostic Value of Detecting Feline Coronavirus RNA and Spike Gene Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid to Confirm Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in shelter-housed cats: molecular analysis of the feline coronavirus S1/S2 cleavage site consistent with a ‘circulating virulent–avirulent theory’ of FIP pathogenesis

Emerging Hepatotropic Viruses in Cats: A Brief Review

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