Mutant identification and characterization of the laccase gene family in Arabidopsis

Xiaoning, Cai; Davis, Elizabeth J.; Ballif, Jenny; Liang, Mingxiang; Bushman, Emily; Haroldsen, Victor M.; Torabinejad, Javad; Wu, Yajun

doi:10.1093/jxb/erl022

Cited by 164 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, we cannot at this point exclude a contribution of the promoters of plantacyanin and laccases in response to copper. The laccases form a multigene family in all plants studied, and in Arabidopsis it comprises 17 members (22,53). In total, seven members of the laccase family were predicted as targets for miR408, miR397, and miR857.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-mediated Systemic Down-regulation of Copper Protein Expression in Response to Low Copper Availability in Arabidopsis

Abdel‐Ghany

Pilon

2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

507

476

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In plants, copper is an essential micronutrient required for photosynthesis. Two of the most abundant copper proteins, plastocyanin and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, are found in chloroplasts. Whereas plastocyanin is essential for photo-autotrophic growth, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase is dispensable and in plastids can be replaced by an iron superoxide dismutase when copper is limiting. The down-regulation of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase expression in response to low copper involves a microRNA, miR398. Interestingly, in Arabidopsis and other plants, three additional microRNA families, miR397, miR408, and miR857, are predicted to target the transcripts for the copper protein plantacyanin and members of the laccase copper protein family. We confirmed the predicted targets of miR397, miR408, and miR857 experimentally by cleavage site analysis. To study the spatial expression pattern of these microRNAs and the effect of copper on their expression, we analyzed Arabidopsis grown hydroponically on different copper regimes. On low amounts of copper the plants accumulated miR397, miR408, and miR857. The microRNA expression pattern was negatively correlated with the accumulation of transcripts for plantacyanin and laccases. Furthermore, the expression of other laccases that are not predicted targets for known microRNAs was similarly regulated in response to copper. For some of these laccases, the regulation was disrupted in a microRNA maturation mutant (hen1-1), suggesting the presence of other copper-regulated microRNAs. Thus, in Arabidopsis, microRNA-mediated down-regulation is a general mechanism to regulate nonessential copper proteins. We propose that this mechanism allows plants to save copper for the most essential functions during limited copper supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-mediated Systemic Down-regulation of Copper Protein Expression in Response to Low Copper Availability in Arabidopsis

Abdel‐Ghany

Pilon

2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

507

476

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“…Laccases have high substrate specificity and different substrates have been identified for different laccase enzymes [73]. Several studies indicated that the absence of a particular laccase caused reduction in total lignin content [74][75][76]. LAC17 is specifically involved in the incorporation of G subunits into the lignin polymer [50], and simultaneous mutations in three laccase genes (LAC4, LAC11 and LAC17) resulted in reduced lignin deposition, largely effecting the plant gross morphology [53].…”

Section: Reducing the Lignin Content/altering The Composition For Easmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Lignin is an aromatic biopolymer involved in providing structural support to plant cell walls. Compared to the other cell wall polymers, i.e., cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin has been considered a hindrance in cellulosic bioethanol production due to the complexity involved in its separation from other polymers of various biomass feedstocks. Nevertheless, lignin is a potential source of valuable aromatic chemical compounds and upgradable building blocks. Though the biosynthetic pathway of lignin has been elucidated in great detail, the random nature of the polymerization (free radical coupling) process poses challenges for its depolymerization into valuable bioproducts. The absence of specific methodologies for lignin degradation represents an important opportunity for research and development. This review highlights research development in lignin biosynthesis, lignin genetic engineering and different biological and chemical means of depolymerization used to convert lignin into biofuels and bioproducts. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 7655

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“…Using this approach, Koizumi et al found that 12 of the 15 genes examined were significantly up-regulated following load application (Table II). These genes included those encoding β-1,4-glucanase (CEL2, KOR), cellulose synthase (CesA4, CesA7), chitinase (CTL2), β-galactosidase (BGAL4), laccase (LAC2, IRX4, LAC17), peroxidase (PER42), pectin esterase (PME61) and endopolygalacturonase (PG43), some of which have been characterized previously (Blee et al, 2003;Brown et al, 2005;Cai et al, 2006;Szyjanowicz et al, 2004;Taylor et al, 2003;Taylor et al, 1999;Zhong et al, 2002) . Koizumi et al also examined the effects of load application on the transcription factors implicated in secondary wall formation in the interfascicular and xylem fibers, and revealed that AtMYB103 and SND3 were significantly up-regulated in response to load application (Koizumi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Approach Based On Application Of Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall-Related Genes Involved in Supporting Tissue Formation and Transcriptional Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2009

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The characteristic growth pattern of vascular p l a n t s l a r g e l y d e p e n d s o n t h e i n t r i n s i c p ro p e r t i e s of t h e ir c e ll wa lls , whic h a r e flexible, but strong enough to support the plant body. The plant body is composed of various tissues each with a specific cell wall type. Different sets of enzymes are required for the construction of these individual cell wall types. The cell wall type-specific enzyme-set hypothesis has been described to explain the mechanisms underlying cell wall construction. This hypothesis suggests that specific sets of transcription factors are required for the construction of each of the cell-wall types. Recent reverse genetic studies investigating secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana have demonstrated the existence of a hierarchical transcriptional network that governs the regulation of secondary wall formation in cell wall types. The examination of the effects of mechanical stimuli on the expression of genes encoding a particular set of cell wall-related enzymes and transcriptional factors has shown that A. thaliana is able to perceive subtle changes in self-weight of the aerial portions, and use this information as a signal to regulate formation of cell walls in the supporting tissues. However, the mechanisms by which mechanical signals are perceived via sensors presumably located at the cell surface remain unknown. In addition, the pathways through which the signal is transmitted and integrated into the transcriptional network that governs the coordinated actions of cell wallrelated genes are also yet to be described. Current reverse genetic approaches based on comprehensive expression analysis of cell wall-related genes may aid in the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms underlying supporting tissue formation via mechanical signals. Such information may contribute not only to a further understanding of the molecular basis underlying evolution of the plant vascular system, but may also provide us with the knowledge required for the future development and utilization of plant cell walls as a sustainable resource.

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Mutant identification and characterization of the laccase gene family in Arabidopsis

Cited by 164 publications

References 33 publications

MicroRNA-mediated Systemic Down-regulation of Copper Protein Expression in Response to Low Copper Availability in Arabidopsis

MicroRNA-mediated Systemic Down-regulation of Copper Protein Expression in Response to Low Copper Availability in Arabidopsis

Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Cell Wall-Related Genes Involved in Supporting Tissue Formation and Transcriptional Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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