Mutagenicity testing of condensates of smoke from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane and zinc/hexachloroethane pyrotechnic mixtures

Karlsson, Nadine; Fängmark, Ingrid; Häggqvist, Inger; Karlsson, Britt; Rittfeldt, Lars; Marchner, Hans

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(91)90078-z

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In rats, the oral LD 50 for zinc salts is 237-623 mg/kg, the intraperitoneal injection LD 50 is 28-73 mg/kg [19,116], and the inhalation LD 50 for zinc chloride is 2000 mg/m 3 [19,117]. In humans, these doses for acute toxicity may be achieved only under the most unusual circumstances.…”

Section: Zinc Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Maret

Sandstead

2006

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

906

582

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Zinc Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Maret

Sandstead

2006

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

906

582

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Negative results were obtained in a plate incorporation test with various Salmonella typhimurium strains in the presence and absence of S9 mix (Karlsson et al 1991, Wong 1988. Only after preincubation with deionized water or HEPES buffer was weak mutagenicity of ZnCl 2 detected in the absence of S9 mix in the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA97 (revertants/plate: with water and 250.5 µM ZnCl 2 219, control 92; with HEPES buffer and 62.5 µM ZnCl 2 217, control 137) (Pagano and Zeiger 1992).…”

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an inadequately documented micronucleus test in which condensed fumes from a pyrotechnic mixture of zinc and hexachloroethane were administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection, no evidence of clastogenic effects was found (Karlsson et al 1991). Female Porton mice, female Porton Wistar rats and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to zinc chloride fume by inhalation (see Table 1 and Section 5.2); lung tumours developed only in the mice of the highest concentration group (Marrs et al 1988).…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc chloride and zinc chloride fume [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Published in the series Occupational Toxicants , Vol. 18 (2002) The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Effects in Man Single exposures Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Animal Experiments and in vitro Studies Acute toxicity Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Reproductive and developmental toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value/classification)

show abstract

“…It is well known that toxicity of air pollution particles have been linked to their small size allowing to reach distal lung region (Kwon et al, 2020;Terzano et al, 2010) and by their complex chemical composition of ions, metals, organic compounds and biological contaminants (Kelly & Fussell, 2015;Steenhof et al, 2011). According to the smoke type, the particles emitted have various sizes, with an aerodynamic diameter < 5 µm (Karlsson et al, 1991) Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the oxidative stress mediated by RSS and HC-OS particles, that are complex chemical mixture, on a 3D model of NHBE cells. Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, antioxidant and in ammation markers were analysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of acute or repeated exposures to particles from pyrotechnic smokes in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells 3D culture

Lagarde

Chevalier

Meausoone

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Hexachloroethane (HC) based smokes and colored pyrotechnic smokes are widely used in the military field, as screening and signaling smokes, that are reported to cause pulmonary toxic effects in humans and in animal studies. Toxicity of pyrotechnic smokes might be caused by the inhalation of particles that composed the smoke and gives the desired pyrotechnic effect. In a previous study, we showed that smoke particles from a red signaling smoke (RSS) and from an HC obscuring smoke (HC-OS) have an intrinsic oxidative potential and induce an adaptive response in human small airway epithelial cells after an acute exposure. Thus, the aim of this study was to further explore the underlying mechanisms of toxicity linked to oxidative stress response of RSS and HC-OS particles, by using a 3D model of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Results Acute exposure (24 h) to HC-OS particles induced a weak antioxidant response, characterized by increases of glutathione level and weak increase of one enzymatic antioxidant mRNA expression (NQO-1). Acute exposure to RSS particles induced oxidative stress characterized by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases of glutathione level, increases mRNA expression of several enzymatic antioxidants (SOD-1, SOD-2, HO-1, NQO-1) and expression of NQO-1 protein as well as increase expression of IL-8 mRNA. We noticed that 24 h post-exposure to RSS particles, antioxidant response was still induced. Additionally, 24 h post-exposure to RSS particles revealed internalization of particles and morphological changes in 3D NHBE cells like loss of cilia and a cubic epithelium. Repeated exposures to RSS particles on 3D NHBE cells did not induce oxidative stress while cubic changing aspects of 3D NHBE cells were observed. Conclusions Thus, although further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these cubic changes, these results revealed differences in toxicity responses between the two types of particles, characterized by an RSS particles-induced oxidative stress as well as morphologic changes. Overall, this study provides a better overview of the toxic effects of pyrotechnic smoke particles whose toxic risks were very little studied.

show abstract

Mutagenicity testing of condensates of smoke from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane and zinc/hexachloroethane pyrotechnic mixtures

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation

Zinc chloride and zinc chloride fume [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

Toxicity of acute or repeated exposures to particles from pyrotechnic smokes in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells 3D culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About