Mutagenicity of airborne particles in relation to traffic and air pollution parameters

Moeller, Mona.; Alfheim, Ingrid; Larssen, Steinar; Mikalsen, A.

doi:10.1021/es00098a010

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Extracts from four consecutive filters collected at sampling site N-3 in February 1979 were pooled and fractionated in an acidic, a basic and 5 neutral fractions. The results have been reported in detail elsewhere (16). Only 30% of the mutagenic activity measured without metabolic activation was recovered after fractionation.…”

Section: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…When samples were collected at several sites in the same area, but not too close to a specific source, e.g., motor vehicle exhaust, this day-to-day variation was usually greater than the variation in samples from one site to another (12,15,16,23).…”

Section: Daily Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the first method, the extract was fractionated into an acidic, a basic and several neutral fractions as described previously (16,17). The other procedure implies a separation into four fractions of increasing polarity on a ,u-Porasil silica gel column (Waters Associates) using a Waters HPLC system, according to the method described by Schuetzle et al (18).…”

Section: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16) and are summarized in Table 7. The results showed that the mutagenicity in daytime street level samples were 4-9 times as high as in the corresponding roof top samples as measured with S9.…”

Section: Particle Size Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of short-term bioassay as the Salmonella mutagenicity test has, however, unequivocally shown that extracts of ambient particulate matter as well as combustion emissions contain organic mutagens and potential carcinogens which are not conventional PAH. For instance, the benzo(a)pyrene present in street level samples from Oslo (N-3) could account for less than 4% of the mutagenicity of the samples (16).…”

Section: Mutagenic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioassay of Extracts of Ambient Particulate Matter

Alfheim¹,

Lofroth²,

Moller³

1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Organic extracts from airborne particles collected at various sites in Scandinavia have been tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Extracts from particles in the respirable size fraction (diameter less than 3 R±m) were mutagenic with and without metabolic activation. The mutagenic activity varied from day to day, mainly due to variations in meteorological parameters, especially wind speed and atmospheric stability. A seasonal variation could also be observed, with the highest average values in winter time.Samples collected in urban areas were considerably more mutagenic than samples from background areas. The results suggest that exhaust from motor vehicles are the most important source of mutagenic particles in urban areas.Comparison of roof top samples with street level samples indicated that atmospheric reactions cause transformation of nonpolar compounds in the primary emission to more oxygenated mutagenic compounds. It is, however, not known to which degree this causes an overall increase of the mutagenic activity.The mutagenic activity of emissions from stationary combustion sources have also been studied, and residential heating by burning solid fuels in small combustion units have been shown to be a major contributor to mutagens in the environment.

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Section: Chemical Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 55%