Mutagenicity assessment of contaminated soil in the vicinity of industrial area

Abstract

In the industrial area of Chinhat, Lucknow (India) wastewater coming from pesticide manufacturing and other industries is used to irrigate the agricultural crops. This practice has been polluting the soil and pollutants might reach the food chain. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of certain organochlorine pesticides in soil samples. Samples were extracted using different solvents, i.e., hexane, acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform, and acetone (all were HPLC-grade, SRL, India). Soil extracts were assayed for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Mutagenicity was observed in the test samples and TA98 was the most responsive strain for all the soil extracts (irrigated with wastewater) in terms of mutagenic index in the presence (+S9) and absence (-S9) of metabolic activation. In terms of slope (m) of linear dose-response curve for the most responsive strain TA98 exhibited highest sensitivity against the soil extracts in the presence and absence of S9 fraction. Hexane-extracted soil sample (wastewater) exhibited maximum mutagenicity in terms of net revertants per gram of soil in the presence and absence of S9 mix as compared to the other soil extracts. Groundwater-irrigated soil extracts displayed low level of mutagenicity as compared to wastewater-irrigated soil. The soil is accumulating a large number of pollutants due to wastewater irrigation and this practice of accumulation has an adverse impact on soil health.

Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by pesticide industry wastewater using bacterial and plant bioassays

“…Numerous workers observed that in XAD concentrated extracts, TA98 strain was more responsive compare to TA100 in both with and without S9 fraction, moreover extracted concentration of XAD was also more mutagenic than the samples of liquid-liquid extraction, as reported by several workers [8,49]. Wastewater discharge from industrial area of Lucknow (pesticide industry) is used for irrigation purposes and the soil irrigated with wastewater showed strong mutagenic activity in comparison to soil irrigated with ground water [50].…”

Selective Hypoxia‐Cytotoxin 7‐Fluoro‐2‐Aminophenazine 5,10‐Dioxide: Toward “Candidate‐to‐Drug” Stage in the Drug‐Development Pipeline

“…Contrary to this situation 1-formulation, using saline:Tween 80 (4:1, v/v), expressed lower or similar mutagenic frequency at much higher doses (Figure 3). Additionally, the mutagenic potentials, defined as the slope of the initial linear portion of each doseresponse curve, [43] were lower when 1 was vehicled in saline: Tween 80 (Figure 4).…”

Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal

“…Mutagenicity was assessed for the crops irrigated with wastewater from pesticide manufacturing and other industries within the area of Chinhat, India, which contained organochlorine pesticides (Anjum and Malik, 2012). The authors concluded that the soil that irrigated with the wastewater were polluted and had relatively higher mutagenicity levels than groundwater-irrigated soil had.…”