Mutagenicity and disposition of chromium

Witmer, Charlotte; Park, Hyoung-Sook; Shupack, Saul I.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(89)90200-3

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Of greater concern for the right whales is that the Cr(VI) particulates can slowly dissolve over time and release soluble Cr(VI) ions into the body. Human and rodent studies show that Cr(VI) accumulates in the testes and reduces testicular weights, causes degeneration of seminiferous tubules, decreases sperm counts, and alters reproductive behaviors [Witmer et al, 1989[Witmer et al, , 1991Chowdhury and Mitra, 1995;Bataineh et al, 1997;Mancuso, 1997;Al-Hamood et al, 1998]. We also reported that Cr(VI) is genotoxic to right whale testes cells [Wise et al, 2008].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Chen

Wise

Kraus

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Hexavalent chromium compounds are present in the atmosphere and oceans and are established mutagens and carcinogens in human and terrestrial mammals. However, the adverse effects of these toxicants in marine mammals are uncertain. Previously, we reported that North Atlantic right whales, one of the most endangered great whales, have tissue chromium levels that are high, levels that may pose a risk to the whale's health. Furthermore, the study suggested that inhalation may be an important exposure route. Exposure to chromium through inhalation is mainly because of particulate compounds. However, the toxicity of particulate chromium compounds in marine mammal cells is unknown. Accordingly, in this study, we tested the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of particulate hexavalent chromium in primary cultured lung and skin fibroblasts from the endangered North Atlantic right whale. Cytotoxicity was measured by clonogenic survival assay, and genotoxicity was measured as production of chromosome aberrations. Particulate hexavalent chromium induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner in both right whale lung and skin fibroblasts. Lung fibroblasts were more resistant to chromium cytotoxicity, but presented with more chromosome damage than skin fibroblasts. These data further support the hypothesis that chromium may be a health concern for the endangered North Atlantic right whale. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Chen

Wise

Kraus

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…On a total organ basis, the liver contained the greatest amount of total chromium. In these studies, the absorption from the soluble sodium salt was generally higher in all tissues studied than from either the calcium salt, soil, or a mixture of calcium salt and soil (4). However, the recovery of chromium in the tissues studied accounted for less than 2% of the total administered dose.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Subsequent analysis of the tissues showed that the kidney contained a higher concentration of chromium (ng/g tissue) than any other tissue studied (4). On a total organ basis, the liver contained the greatest amount of total chromium.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Neither instrument differentiates between chromium in the different oxidation states, however. Samples were prepared for analysis by a modification of the acid procedure, as previously described (4). Briefly, 0.1 g or more of the chromium-containing sample (tissue or original soil) was weighed into a 20-mL test tube and 1 mL of concentrated HNO3 was added slowly, followed by 1 Animals treated with chromium or control solutions were weighed and dosed daily between 9 and 10 A.M. and sacrificed by either anesthesia and exsanguination through the abdominal aorta.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous report of part of this work (4) reported on the tissue distribution of the chromium after up to 14 days of oral administration of sodium and calcium chromates as well as contaminated soil, along with excretion data from soil and calcium chromate following 2 days of treatment. This report includes some data on tissue distribution as well as the data for excretion of chromium on days 1, 2, 7, and 8 of treatment and the excretion data 27 days after cessation of treatment and renewal of treatment for 2 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Bioavailability of Chromium from a Specific Site

Witmer

Harris

Shupack

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Analysis of soil from a specific site in New Jersey indicated a low level of sodium and chromium present as a calcium compound. Chromium was then administered orally to young, mature male rats at a level of 240,g/kg for 14 days as chromium-contaminated soil, as CaCrO4, and as an equimolar mixture of the soil and calcium salts for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed 24 hr after the last dosing, and tissues were taken immediately for chromium analysis. Blood, muscle, and liver contained the highest levels of chromium in these animals, although kidney contained the highest concentration per gram of tissue. The total amount of chromium in the tissues was less than 2% of the administered chromium. In a study of the excretion of chromium, the animals were dosed orally for 8 days (with CaCrO4 or contaminated soil, each at the level of 240 pmole Cr/ kg), and the chromium in feces and urine was determined on days 1, 2, 7, and 8. After cessation of dosing for 27 days, the same rats were dosed for 2 days at the same level, and chromium in urine and feces was determined for the 2 days. The animals administered the chromium in soil had higher levels of chromium in both urine and feces on all days compared to the group fed the CaCrO4. The total recovery of chromium in any of the 2-day periods was less than 50% of the chromium administered during that period.

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The genotoxicity of particulate and soluble chromate in sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts

Wise

LaCerte

et al. 2011

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Hexavalent chromium is a marine pollutant of concern, both for the health of ocean ecosystems and for public health. Hexavalent chromium is known to induce genotoxicity in human and other terrestrial mammals. It is also known to be present in both water and air in the marine environment. However, currently there are limited data concerning both chromium levels and its toxicological effects in marine mammals. This study investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of soluble and particulate hexavalent chromium in sperm whale skin fibroblasts. Both forms of hexavalent chromium induced concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity indicating that these compounds can be a health risk if the whales are exposed to them. These data support a hypothesis that chromium is a concern in the marine environment in general and for the health of sperm whales in particular.

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Mutagenicity and disposition of chromium

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Oral Bioavailability of Chromium from a Specific Site

The genotoxicity of particulate and soluble chromate in sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts

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