Mutagenicity and contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in used and recycled motor oils

Clonfero, Erminio; Nardini, Barbara; Marchioro, Mqrscia; Bordin, Anna; Gabbani, G

doi:10.1016/s0165-1218(96)90070-1

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These PAHs are extracted by lubricating oil and are mostly retained in engine crankcases [21]. PAH concentrations in the oil increase over time [21,22], such that long periods between oil changes increases the exposure risk of mechanics to PAHs [20]. Waste crankcase oil may also contain a higher percentage of other toxic aromatic compounds [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Blood Naphthalene Levels as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to PAHs among Auto-Mechanics and Spray Painters in Rawalpindi

et al. 2011

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BackgroundRoutine exposure to chemical contaminants in workplace is a cause for concern over potential health risks to workers. In Pakistan, reports on occupational exposure and related health risks are almost non-existent, which reflects the scarce availability of survey data and criteria for determining whether an unsafe exposure has occurred. The current study was designed to evaluate blood naphthalene (NAPH) levels as an indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among automobile workshop mechanics (MCs) and car-spray painters (PNs). We further determined the relationship between blood NAPH levels and personal behavioural, job related parameters and various environmental factors that may further be associated with elevated risks of occupational exposures to PAHs.MethodsSixty blood samples (n = 20 for each group i.e. MC, PN and control group) were collected to compare their blood NAPH levels among exposed (MCs and PNs) and un-exposed (control) groups. Samples were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data regarding demographic aspects of the subjects and their socioeconomic features were collected using a questionnaire. Subjects were also asked to report environmental hygiene conditions of their occupational environment.ResultsWe identified automobile work areas as potential sites for PAHs exposure, which was reflected by higher blood NAPH levels among MCs. Blood NAPH levels ranged from 53.7 to 1980.6 μgL-1 and 54.1 to 892.9 μgL-1 among MCs and PNs respectively. Comparison within each group showed that smoking enhanced exposure risks several fold and both active and passive smoking were among personal parameters that were significantly correlated with log-transformed blood NAPH levels. For exposed groups, work hours and work experience were job related parameters that showed strong associations with the increase in blood NAPH levels. Poor workplace hygiene and ventilation were recognized as most significant predictors related to differences among workplaces that may enhance the extent of exposure to chemical contaminants.ConclusionsIt appeared that chemical exposure at the workplace may be influenced by multiple environmental factors, but poor workplace hygiene and duration of exposure (long work hours) were the most important factors. Smoking and negligence of workers regarding self protection were among some of the important personal behaviours than can be addressed with better training. There is also a need to improve workplaces hygiene and to rationalize work hours to minimize health risks. Since smoking was an important confounding factor that supplemented most of the actual occupational exposure, a study based on non-smoker subjects is needed to separate out the effects of smoking and other confounding factors that may obscure measurements of actual extent of occupational exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Blood Naphthalene Levels as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to PAHs among Auto-Mechanics and Spray Painters in Rawalpindi

et al. 2011

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“…26,27 For gasoline-driven vehicles, levels as high as 10 000 μg g -1 or about 1% of fuelderived PAHs have been measured in used motor oil. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Diesel motor oils also accumulate PAHs, although typically at lower amounts than gasoline-driven vehicles. 26,32 Used motor oil is a main contributor of PAHs to urban runoff and, consequently, to the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

et al. 2010

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Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), is increasingly recognized as a renewable fuel. While some environmental impacts of biodiesel usage have been investigated, accumulation of organic compounds in motor oil, which can subsequently leak onto roads, has not been studied. Because studies have shown that toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in the motor oil of engines fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline, the objective of this study was to determine if this also occurs for engines fueled with biodiesel. Here, we sampled and analyzed motor oil of a biodiesel-powered 2005 Volkswagen Passat Wagon over 3240 km of personal-use driving. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), we found a total of 0.5% FAMEs in the motor oil after 3240 km. We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and did not detect PAHs or other organic compounds not present in the initial motor oil. Using natural radiocarbon analysis, a powerful technique capable of detecting biodiesel-derived carbon that would be otherwise undetectable by gas chromatography, we found a total of 0.68% biodiesel-derived carbon after 3240 km. This is similar to the amount of FAMEs found in these samples with GC-FID, indicating that the primary source of biodiesel-derived carbon in the motor oil is FAMEs (and not PAHs or other carbonaceous species). This result suggests that used motor oil of biodiesel vehicles can be less toxic based on PAH content than vehicles fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline.

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“…It was shown that biodegradation of motor oil can last for years depending on factors, such as: low numbers of microbes, insufficient oxygen or nutrient availability, temperature and water availability. [20][21][22] Researchers 23,24 have pointed out the adverse effects of used motor oil on the environment, regarding oil as capable of generating carcinogens and endocrine disrupters [25][26][27] and interfering with respiration across gill surfaces of fishes and other animals. 28 Unfortunately, routine maintenance of vehicles ends up polluting water bodies with oil, especially in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid state NMR characterization and adsorption properties of lignocellulose-clinoptilolite composites prepared with siloxanes coupling agents

Vala¹,

Tichagwa²,

Pasch³

et al. 2015

S.Afr.j.chem

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Mutagenicity and contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in used and recycled motor oils

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Biological Monitoring of Blood Naphthalene Levels as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to PAHs among Auto-Mechanics and Spray Painters in Rawalpindi

Biological Monitoring of Blood Naphthalene Levels as a Marker of Occupational Exposure to PAHs among Auto-Mechanics and Spray Painters in Rawalpindi

Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle

Solid state NMR characterization and adsorption properties of lignocellulose-clinoptilolite composites prepared with siloxanes coupling agents

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