Mutagenicity and chemical characteristics of carbonaceous particulate matter from vehicles on the road

Visibility‐reducing organic aerosols in the vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park: Properties observed by high resolution gas chromatography

“…This lower molecular weight maximum corresponds to a marine source of organic compounds which elute in the range of the C•5-C•7 n-alkanes and is characteristic of marine algal lipids [e.g., Martin and Juniper, 1970;Simoneit, 1986; Air Pollution Foundation of Southern California, 1954; Hahn, 1980;Simoneit and Mazurek, 1982b;Marty et al, 1979]. A higher molecular weight maximum located in the range of the elution points of the C28-C32 n-alkanes, especially evident for downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena, is typical of the distributions of elutable organics observed for fine particulate matter sampled from motor vehicle exhaust [Simoneit, 1984[Simoneit, , 1985[Simoneit, , 1986Boyer and Laitinen, 1975;Pierson et al, 1983;Black and High, 1979]. Earlier work has shown that these two urban Los Angeles sites are influenced heavily by emissions from motor vehicle exhaust 2 and 5).…”

Comparative mutagenicity assessment of aerosols in emissions from biofuel combustion

“…The higher direct-acting mutagenicity in vehicular emissions than in the indoor environments, measured by Pierson et al (1983), was attributed to PAH derivatives formed during incomplete combustion. The photooxidation and aging of residential wood smoke in presence of sub-ppm levels of nitrogen oxides and ozone was shown to cause a 2-10 fold increase in the direct-acting mutagenicity due to formation of nitro-PAHs (Kamens et al, 1984).…”

Single Pollutant Versus Surrogate Measure Approaches: Do Single Pollutant Risk Assessments Underestimate the Impact of Air Pollution on Lung Cancer Risk?

“…Diesel exhaust exposure was obtained by multiplying the elemental carbon concentration, quantified from PM 10 filters using a thermographic method, with a factor of 1.8, reflecting the proportion of EC in the diesel exhaust. 46 The details of the sampling procedure is described elsewhere. 47,48 Based on these data, the average concentrations in the three exposure categories were estimated and the population weighted average of each carcinogen was calculated ( Table 3).…”