Mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies of invasive corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis

Abstract

The high diversity of species in the marine environment gives rise to compounds with unique structural patterns not found as natural products in other systems and with great potential for pharmacological, cosmetic and nutritional use. The genus Tubastraea (Class Anthozoa, Order Scleractinia, Family Dendrophylliidae) is characterized as a hard coral without the presence of zooxanthellae. In species of this genus alkaloids derived from the compound aplysinopsin with pharmacological activity are known. In Brazil T. coccinea and T. tagusensis are characterized as non‐indigenous and invasive and are currently found along the Brazilian coast, from Santa Catarina to Bahia states. This study aims to analyze the mutagenic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of methanolic and ethanolic extracts from T. coccinea and T. tagusensis collected in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Bacterial reverse mutation assay on the standard strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA104, in vitro micronucleus formation test and colorimetric assays for cytotoxic signals on the cell lines HepG2 and RAW264.7 were used. We also synthesized an oxoaplysinopsin derivate alkaloid (APL01) for comparative purposes. No mutagenic (250; 312.5; 375; 437.5 and 500 μg/plate) or genotoxic (0.05; 0.5; 5.0; 50 and 500 μg/mL) effects were observed in any sample tested for all measured concentrations. Cytotoxic responses were observed for eukaryotic cells in all tested samples at 500 and 5000 μg/mL concentrations. Cytotoxicity found in the WST‐1 assay was independent of the metabolism of substances present in samples compositions. The cytotoxicity observed in the LDH release assay depended on metabolism.

Anti-inflammatory potential of invasive sun corals (Scleractinia: Tubastraea spp.) from Brazil: alternative use for management?

“…Adolf von Baeyer discovered this structure in 1861, and since then, hydantoins and their derivatives have been investigated due to their pharmacological properties. [73][74][75][76][77] The EbMTc, EbMTt, APL01 and AcOEt samples were also evaluated for their toxicological profile, [78] and a safe concentration of 50 lg/mL has been established. The f-AcOEt fraction, from the crude extract EbMTc, was tested at lower concentrations, but corresponding to those tested for anti-inflammatory effect in-vitro test.…”

“…The EbMTc, EbMTt, APL01 and AcOEt samples were also evaluated for their toxicological profile, and a safe concentration of 50 μg/mL has been established. The f‐AcOEt fraction, from the crude extract EbMTc, was tested at lower concentrations, but corresponding to those tested for anti‐inflammatory effect in‐vitro test.…”

Wogonin induces apoptosis in macrophages by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects

“…Chromosome damage was assessed using a micronucleus (MN) formation assay, according by Tsai et al 29,31 After RAW 264.7 cells treatment with wogonin at various concentrations for 24 h, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with cytochalasin B for 24 h and then suspended in 75 mM potassium chloride. After seeding cells onto the slide, the slides were stained with Giemsa solution.…”

Adults of Sun Coral Tubastraea coccinea (Lesson 1829) Are Resistant to New Antifouling Biocides

“…A previous study showed that T. coccinea exhibited adverse effects when exposed to high concentrations of some types of oils [ 20 ]. T. coccinea is an azooxanthellate species [ 21 ] from the Indo-Pacific introduced to the Brazilian coast via the opportunistic colonization of oil platforms and is currently recorded as existing along more than 3500 km of the coast, competing with native species [ 5 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. T. coccinea is an interesting organism to use in toxicity assessments of antifouling compounds for tropical Brazilian environments, as its collection and use do not impact native ecosystems.…”