Mutagenic and teratogenic toxicity evaluation of Forsythia suspensa leaves aqueous extract

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

et al. 2022

Objective. Forsythia suspensa leaf (FSL) has been used as a health tea in China for centuries. Previous experiments have proved that FSL extract has a good effect on the antirespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro, but its exact mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to determine the active components and targets of FSL and further explore its anti-RSV mechanism. Methods. UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used to analyze the main chemical components of FSL. The compound disease target network, PPI, GO, and KEGG were used to obtain key targets and potential ways. Then, the molecular docking was verified by Schrödinger Maestro software. Next, the cell model of RSV infection was established, and the inhibitory effect of each drug on RSV was detected. Finally, western blotting was used to detect the effect of the active components of FSL on the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related protein. Results. UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS analysis showed that there were 67 main chemical constituents in FSL, while network pharmacological analysis showed that there were 169 anti-RSV targets of the active components in FSL, involving 177 signal pathways, among which PI3K/AKT signal pathway played an important role in the anti-RSV process of FSL. The results of molecular docking showed that cryptochlorogenic acid, phillyrin, phillygenin, rutin, and rosmarinic acid had higher binding activities to TP53, STAT3, MAPK1, AKT1, and MAPK3, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that phillyrin and rosmarinic acid could effectively improve the survival rate of RSV-infected cells, increase the expression level of PI3K, and decrease the expression level of AKT. Conclusion. The active ingredients of FSL, phillyrin, and rosmarinic acid can play an anti-RSV role by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides reliable theoretical and experimental support for the anti-RSV treatment of FSL.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Active Components and Mechanism of Forsythia suspensa Leaf against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Based on Network Pharmacology

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

et al. 2022

“…In China, many materials from the non-medical part of herb medicines in the Ch.P. have been declared as LSFRMs, e.g., Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight [ 96 , 97 ], Eucommia ulmoides Oliv [ 98 ], pine pollen [ 99 ], Forsythia suspensa [ 100 ], and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae [ 101 ]. Therefore, as a material that has been used in food for more than 30 years, Miwu has great potential to enter the list of LSFRMs.…”

Section: Industrial Status Of Miwumentioning

confidence: 99%

An Underutilized Food “Miwu”: Diet History, Nutritional Evaluations, and Countermeasures for Industrial Development

Zou

Hou

et al. 2023

Foods

About 10 major crops basically feed the world. In fact, there are still a large number of plants that have not been fully explored and utilized because they have been ignored by the market and research. The expansion of food sources in various countries plays an important role in maintaining food security and nutrition security in the world. Miwu is the aerial part of the medicinal plant Rhizoma Chuanxiong belonging to a traditional local characteristic food raw material. Its edible value is still little known. Through textual research, component determination, literature survey, field research, and SWOT analysis, this paper has a comprehensive understanding of Miwu’s diet history, chemical components, safety risks, and industrial development status. It is found that Miwu has been eaten for 800 years, is rich in nutrients and active ingredients, and has no acute toxicity. In addition, the current industrial development of Miwu has significant advantages and many challenges. To sum up, Miwu is a potentially underutilized food raw material. This paper also provides countermeasures for the industrialized development of Miwu, which will provide a milestone reference for the future utilization and development of Miwu.

“…Therefore, it may have a better safety profile compared to the fruits of the plant. 11 Research in FL has good prospects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Antimicrobial Ingredients in Forsythia Leaves Using Target Constituent Knock-out/Knock-in Strategy and Evaluation of the Combination Effects with Antibiotics

Zhang

Natural Product Communications

et al. 2023

To screen and identify the antimicrobial ingredients of Forsythia suspensa leaves (FL). A screening method based on a constituent knock-out/knock-in strategy was conducted. The antimicrobial activities of FL components against seven commonly infective strains were determined using the Oxford cup method. Their antimicrobial effects when used in combination with common antibiotics were investigated by a checkerboard titration method. Two of the seven strains, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), were considered to be the most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of FL. The main antimicrobial components in FL were forsythoside I and forsythoside A. The co-administration of vancomycin with forsythoside A was found to have a significant synergistic inhibiting effect on MRSA. Some phenylethanol glycoside components play a major contribution to the antimicrobial effect of FL. This provides a reference for the research and development of FL for both medicinal and food purposes.