Mussel‐Inspired Coating of Polydopamine Directs Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Fate for Re‐endothelialization of Vascular Devices

Abstract

Polydopamine (PDAM), a mussel adhesive protein inspired coating that can be easily deposited onto a wide range of metallic, inorganic, and organic materials, gains interest also in the field of biomaterials. In this work, PDAM is applied as coating on 316L stainless steel (SS) stents and the response of cells of the blood vessel wall, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and human umbilical artery smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) as predictors for re‐endothelialization is tested. It is found that the PDAM‐modified surface significantly enhances HUVEC adhesion, proliferation, and migration, release of nitric oxide (NO), and secretion of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). Additionally, the PDAM‐modified surface shows a remarkable ability to decrease the adhesion and proliferation of HUASMCs. As a blood‐contacting material, the PDAM tends to improve the hemocompatibility compared with the substrate 316L SS. It is noteworthy that the PDAM coating shows good resistance to the deformation behavior of compression and expansion of a stent. These data suggest the potential of PDAM as a blood‐contacting material for the application in vascular stents or grafts.

Hemocompatibility and selective cell fate of polydopamine-assisted heparinized PEO/PLLA composite coating on biodegradable AZ31 alloy

“…7a). The promotion of the growth of HUASMCs was not consistent with the previous investigation of PDAM modification on 316L stainless steel stents [45]. Considering the substrates, the PLLA was not very suitable for cell growth.…”

Covalent immobilization of collagen on titanium through polydopamine coating to improve cellular performances of MC3T3-E1 cells

“…More importantly, polydopamine coating exhibits strong reactivity towards various nucleophiles with amine and thiol groups due to the presence of quinone after polymerization [3637]. Thus, proteins containing large amounts of amine and thiol groups have been successfully conjugated through polydopamine coating for various applications, such as enzyme immobilization and stem cell manipulation [3839]. Covalent immobilization of collagen onto titanium surfaces was achieved by coupling collagen with a preformed polydopamine coating with the aid of EDC and NHS.…”

Multifunctional MgF2/Polydopamine Coating on Mg Alloy for Vascular Stent Application

“…As a simple, versatile, and effective strategy to promote cell adhesion onto substrates with various material type and shape under solvent-free and non-toxic condition, polydopamine (PDA) films has attracted much attention in the field of biomaterials surface modification since Lee et al reported it in 2007 [41] . In the field of vascular biomaterials, PDA coating has been used as an immobilization layer for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [42,43] , heparin [44,45] , etc., and has also been used to control cell behaviors directly on the surface, which demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could adhere well and spread with a high viability on PDA coating [46][47][48] ; moreover, it showed that PDA coating on 316L stainless steel stent decreased adhesion and proliferation [48] .…”

“…[47] ; on the other hand, it could facilitate the secretion, deposition and assembly of endogenous fibronectin (Fn), resulting in the formation of Fn fibril colocalizing with α 5 β 1 integrin, which plays a key role in the adhesion of HUVECs on PDA [46] . As to the effect of PDA coating on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [48] , inhibition of VSMCs' adhesion and proliferation was demonstrated compared to the 316L stainless steel control. In contrast, PDA layer on MgF 2 surface in the present study did not show VSMC inhibition effect.…”