Muskox Health Ecology Symposium 2016: Gathering to Share Knowledge on Umingmak in a Time of Rapid Change

Kutz, Susan; Rowell, Jan E.; Adamczewski, Jan; Gunn, Anne; Cuyler, Christine; Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Austin, Mark; Berger, Joël; Blake, John; Bondo, Kristin J.; Dalton, Chimone S.; Dobson, Andrew; Francesco, Juliette Di; Gerlach, Craig; Kafle, Pratap; Mavrot, Fabien; Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun; Murray, M. S.; Nascou, Alex; Orsel, Karin; Rossouw, Francois; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Suitor, Mike; Tomaselli, Matilde; Ytrehus, Bjørnar

doi:10.14430/arctic4656

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…They are highly adapted to surviving in arctic conditions with a natural range spanning the Canadian Arctic, from the Northwest Territories and Nunavut into the Arctic islands and western Greenland (Kutz et al, ; Reynolds, ). Introduced populations occur in Alaska, USA, Yukon and Quebec, Canada, Norway, Sweden and Russia (Kutz et al, ). Muskoxen are one of two large herbivores able to survive the arctic environment and one of few large mammals to survive Late Pleistocene mass extinction events approximately 12,000 years ago (Kutz et al, ; Raghavan, Themudo, Smith, Zazula, & Campos, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography, seasonality, and host‐associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate Arctic mammal

Bird

Prewer

Kutz

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The Canadian Arctic is an extreme environment with low floral and faunal diversity characterized by major seasonal shifts in temperature, moisture, and daylight. Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are one of few large herbivores able to survive this harsh environment. Microbiome research of the gastrointestinal tract may hold clues as to how muskoxen exist in the Arctic, but also how this species may respond to rapid environmental changes. In this study, we investigated the effects of season (spring/summer/winter), year (2007–2016), and host genetic structure on population‐level microbiome variation in muskoxen from the Canadian Arctic. We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the fecal microbial communities of 78 male muskoxen encompassing two population genetic clusters. These clusters are defined by Arctic Mainland and Island populations, including the following: (a) two mainland sampling locations of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and (b) four locations of Victoria Island. Between these geographic populations, we found that differences in the microbiome reflected host‐associated genetic cluster with evidence of migration. Within populations, seasonality influenced bacterial diversity with no significant differences between years of sampling. We found evidence of pathogenic bacteria, with significantly higher presence in mainland samples. Our findings demonstrate the effects of seasonality and the role of host population‐level structure in driving fecal microbiome differences in a large Arctic mammal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography, seasonality, and host‐associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate Arctic mammal

Bird

Prewer

Kutz

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This reinforces the importance of considering the impact of both temporal and spatial scale on interpretations of individual studies and datasets (Post et al 2009;Bölter and Müller 2016). Examples include the regional-scale decline in muskox abundance, of more than 90%, after three consecutive winters of record snowfall in the Bathurst Island Complex (Miller 1998), and on a smaller spatial and temporal scale, the Alaskan tidal surge which entombed 55 muskoxen in ice (Adams in Kutz et al 2017;Berger et al 2018). The impact of increasing frequency, distribution, severity, and extent of stochastic events on population dynamics remains a serious knowledge gap for this species.…”

Section: Stressors: Stochastic Events and Weather Extremesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We updated the global distribution and origins of muskox populations reported in Kutz et al (2017) and added current population/region boundaries. The boundaries provided often reflect administrative or political regions rather than specific muskox populations and their actual distribution within a region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), even moving across glacial barriers . The wide dispersion of this species and these relatively unpredictable movements impede survey efforts, especially when coupled with infrequent surveys (Adamczewski in Kutz et al 2017).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is wide thermal variability within their endemic habitat (mean summer maximums of 21°-27°C to mean winter minimums of -34°C: Tener 1965). On the Canadian Arctic mainland, muskoxen are currently extending their range southward (Adamczewski in Kutz et al 2017), and translocated animals (both captive and wild) have survived in a variety of habitats both warmer and wetter than their traditional range (Lent 1999). There are currently seven muskox populations living in CAFF's designated Sub Arctic Zone, and a further two that live in non-arctic zones (Fig.…”

Section: Stressors: Stochastic Events and Weather Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future

Cuyler

Rowell

Adamczewski

et al. 2019

Ambio

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Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. Acknowledging uncertainties, global abundance is ca 170 000 muskoxen. Not all populations are thriving. Six populations are in decline, and as recently as the turn of the century, one of these was the largest population in the world, equaling ca 41% of today's total abundance. Climate, diseases, and anthropogenic changes are likely the principal drivers of muskox population change and result in multiple stressors that vary temporally and spatially. Impacts to muskoxen are precipitated by habitat loss/degradation, altered vegetation and species associations, pollution, and harvest. Which elements are relevant for a specific population will vary, as will their cumulative interactions. Our summaries highlight the importance of harmonizing existing data, intensifying long-term monitoring efforts including demographics and health assessments, standardizing and implementing monitoring protocols, and increasing stakeholder engagement/contributions.

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Quantifying energetic and fitness consequences of seasonal heterothermy in an Arctic ungulate

Desforges

Beest

Marques

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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In the wild, animals often need to contend with variable and harsh environmental conditions. This is particularly true for seasonal and unpredictable environments, where climatic conditions can change drastically over the course of the year. Seasonal changes in external conditions, especially ambient temperature and food availability, have important consequences for endotherms as they use energy to maintain high and stable body temperatures for optimal physiological function (Angilletta et al.

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Muskox Health Ecology Symposium 2016: Gathering to Share Knowledge on Umingmak in a Time of Rapid Change

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Geography, seasonality, and host‐associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate Arctic mammal

Geography, seasonality, and host‐associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate Arctic mammal

Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future

Quantifying energetic and fitness consequences of seasonal heterothermy in an Arctic ungulate

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