Musical tempo and waiting perceptions

Oakes, Steve

doi:10.1002/mar.10092

Cited by 112 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Comparing the role of music in freeskiing to the approach taken in prior studies on background music in stores (Hui et al 1997;Knoferle et al 2012;Oakes 2003) clarifies this point. Throughout a day of training, freeskiers listen to music almost constantly.…”

Section: Five Practice Elements That Shape Timeflowmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These aspects include customer entertainment (Katz et al 1991), service convenience (Berry, Seiders, and Grewal 2002), mental wait-management strategies (Miller, Kahn, and Luce 2008), information about the length of or reasons for waiting (Hui and Tse 1996;Hui, Tse, and Zhou 2006), or various aspects of physical and atmospheric design (Baker and Cameron 1996;Bitner 1992). For example, olfactory cues such as a pleasurable scent (Spangenberg, Crowley, and Henderson 1996) or background music (Hui, Dubé, and Chebat 1997;Knoferle et al 2012;Milliman 1982Milliman , 1986Oakes 2003) can enhance shoppers' subjective experiences, increase lingering time in stores, and reduce the perception of waiting time.…”

Section: From Servicescapes To Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Timeflow: How Consumption Practices Shape Consumers’ Temporal Experiences

Woermann¹,

Rokka²

2015

J Consum Res

146

158

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Section: Five Practice Elements That Shape Timeflowmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: From Servicescapes To Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeflow: How Consumption Practices Shape Consumers’ Temporal Experiences

Woermann¹,

Rokka²

2015

J Consum Res

146

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Similarly, slow (vs. fast) tempo music was found to decrease restaurant patrons' dining speed, waiting time, and amount spent (Milliman, 1986). Oakes (2003) found that music tempo affected perceived waiting time in a registration line, and that slow-tempo music increased positive affective responses. Consistent with these results, McElrea & Standing (1992) showed that slow music significantly decreased speed of drinking, and in a study by music was found to induce arousal and pleasure among bank customers, which then affected their desire to affiliate with the bank employees.…”

Section: Behavioral Responses To Retail Density and Musicmentioning

confidence: 94%

The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses

Eroğlu

Machleit

Chébat³

2005

Psychology and Marketing

124

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Research examining the effects of store environment on shoppers has found that a number of atmospheric cues have significant effects on shoppers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. To date, retail atmospheric cues have been studied in isolation, instead of simultaneously, like they occur in the retail setting. This study examines the interactive effects of two atmospheric cues-retail density and music tempo-and their impact on shopper responses within a real shopping environment. Based on the schema incongruity model, it is found that shopper hedonic and utilitarian evaluations of the shopping experience are highest under conditions of slow music/high density and fast music/low density. Significant main effects of music tempo are found for behavioral responses such as approach/avoidance tendency and extent of browsing behavior. The results underscore the need to examine interactive effects of atmospheric cues to better understand the impact of the store environment on shoppers.

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“…Oakes (2003) investigated the effects of congruency between music tempo and social density on feelings of stress in an undergraduate registration queue context. He reported that congruous (low arousal) conditions (slow-tempo music and low social density) enhanced feelings of relaxation in a waiting environment.…”

Section: Feelings and Behavioral Intentionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

Schreuder¹,

Erp²,

Toet³

et al. 2016

SAGE Open

126

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How we perceive our environment affects the way we feel and behave. The impressions of our ambient environment are influenced by its entire spectrum of physical characteristics (e.g., luminosity, sound, scents, temperature) in a dynamic and interactive way. The ability to manipulate the sensory aspects of an environment such that people feel comfortable or exhibit a desired behavior is gaining interest and social relevance. Although much is known about the sensory effects of individual environmental characteristics, their combined effects are not a priori evident due to a wide range of non-linear interactions in the processing of sensory cues. As a result, it is currently not known how different environmental characteristics should be combined to effectively induce desired emotional and behavioral effects. To gain more insight into this matter, we performed a literature review on the emotional effects of multisensory stimulation. Although we found some interesting mechanisms, the outcome also reveals that empirical evidence is still scarce and haphazard. To stimulate further discussion and research, we propose a conceptual framework that describes how environmental interventions are likely to affect human emotional responses. This framework leads to some critical research questions that suggest opportunities for further investigation.

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Musical tempo and waiting perceptions

Cited by 112 publications

References 31 publications

Timeflow: How Consumption Practices Shape Consumers’ Temporal Experiences

Timeflow: How Consumption Practices Shape Consumers’ Temporal Experiences

The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses

Emotional Responses to Multisensory Environmental Stimuli

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