Music induces different cardiac autonomic arousal effects in young and older persons

Hilz, Max J.; Štádler, P; Gryc, Thomas; Nath, Juliane; Habib-Romstoeck, Leila; Stemper, Brigitte; Buechner, Susanne; Wong, Samuel Yeung‐Shan; Koehn, Julia

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2014.02.004

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, mental relaxation was not associated with an improvement in autonomic parameters. In another interesting study 32 , systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BPsys, BPdia) were monitored as participants sat in silence and as they listened to 180-second-long recordings of two different “relaxing” and two different “aggressive” classical music excerpts. The results showed that listening to relaxing classical music and listening to aggressive classical music both increased BPsys, whereas autonomic modulation was lower under conditions of silence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect imparted by the emotional content of music was also explored by comparing the condition of listening to joyful music with that of listening to emotionally touching (sad) music. With respect to the effects of listening to music on autonomic parameters, it appears that although listening to music might reduce anxiety and induce mental relaxation under certain experimental conditions or clinical settings, it has little or no influence on hemodynamic parameters, except for a tendency to increase systolic blood pressure 31 32 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of background music on episodic memory and autonomic responses: listening to emotionally touching music enhances facial memory capacity

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Arcari

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to investigate how background auditory processing can affect other perceptual and cognitive processes as a function of stimulus content, style and emotional nature. Previous studies have offered contrasting evidence, and it has been recently shown that listening to music negatively affected concurrent mental processing in the elderly but not in young adults. To further investigate this matter, the effect of listening to music vs. listening to the sound of rain or silence was examined by administering an old/new face memory task (involving 448 unknown faces) to a group of 54 non-musician university students. Heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure were measured during an explicit face study session that was followed by a memory test. The results indicated that more efficient and faster recall of faces occurred under conditions of silence or when participants were listening to emotionally touching music. Whereas auditory background (e.g., rain or joyful music) interfered with memory encoding, listening to emotionally touching music improved memory and significantly increased heart rate. It is hypothesized that touching music is able to modify the visual perception of faces by binding facial properties with auditory and emotionally charged information (music), which may therefore result in deeper memory encoding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The effect of background music on episodic memory and autonomic responses: listening to emotionally touching music enhances facial memory capacity

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Arcari

et al. 2015

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“…However, the psychophysiological literature is conflicting on this matter (i.e., the effects of agitating music on autonomic responses). For example, Hilz et al (2014) monitored systolic and diastolic blood pressure while participants either sat in silence or listened to “relaxing” vs. “aggressive” excerpts of classical music. The results showed that listening to relaxing classical music and listening to aggressive classical music both increased systolic blood pressure, whereas the autonomic activation was lower under conditions of silence; therefore, aggressive music did not specifically increase blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-expert listeners show decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure (fear bradycardia) in response to atonal music

et al. 2015

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Previous studies suggested that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. In this study the effect of listening to instrumental classical vs. atonal contemporary music was examined in a group of 50 non-expert listeners. The subjects’ heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were measured while they listened to music of different style and emotional typologies. Pieces were selected by asking a group of composers and conservatory professors to suggest a list of the most emotional music pieces (from Renaissance to present time). A total of 214 suggestions from 20 respondents were received. Then it was asked them to identify which pieces best induced in the listener feelings of agitation, joy or pathos and the number of suggested pieces per style was computed. Atonal pieces were more frequently indicated as agitating, and tonal pieces as joyful. The presence/absence of tonality in a musical piece did not affect the affective dimension of pathos (being touching). Among the most frequently cited six pieces were selected that were comparable for structure and style, to represent each emotion and style. They were equally evaluated as unfamiliar by an independent group of 10 students of the same cohort) and were then used as stimuli for the experimental session in which autonomic parameters were recorded. Overall, listening to atonal music (independent of the pieces’ emotional characteristics) was associated with a reduced heart rate (fear bradycardia) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and attention, psychological tension, and anxiety. This evidence fits with the results of the esthetical assessment showing how, overall, atonal music is perceived as more agitating and less joyful than tonal one.

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“…For spectral analysis of slow sympathetically and parasympathetically mediated RRI- and BP-oscillations, we used trigonometric regressive spectral analysis (TRS) of 30 s epochs [ 21 , 29 – 31 ]. Spectral analysis algorithms ideally require stationarity of the bio-signal during the epoch of interest [ 25 , 28 , 32 , 33 ], a condition that does not exist in biology in strict terms [ 33 , 34 ] and is moreover not compatible with most algorithms’ requirement of rather long bio-signal time-series recordings [ 25 , 28 , 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valsalva maneuver unveils central baroreflex dysfunction with altered blood pressure control in persons with a history of mild traumatic brain injury

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPatients with a history of mild TBI (post-mTBI-patients) have an unexplained increase in long-term mortality which might be related to central autonomic dysregulation (CAD). We investigated whether standardized baroreflex-loading, induced by a Valsalva maneuver (VM), unveils CAD in otherwise healthy post-mTBI-patients.MethodsIn 29 healthy persons (31.3 ± 12.2 years; 9 women) and 25 post-mTBI-patients (35.0 ± 13.2 years, 7 women, 4–98 months post-injury), we monitored respiration (RESP), RR-intervals (RRI) and systolic blood pressure (BP) at rest and during three VMs. At rest, we calculated parameters of total autonomic modulation [RRI-coefficient-of-variation (CV), RRI-standard-deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-total-powers], of sympathetic [RRI-low-frequency-powers (LF), BP-LF-powers] and parasympathetic modulation [square-root-of-mean-squared-differences-of-successive-RRIs (RMSSD), RRI-high-frequency-powers (HF)], the index of sympatho-vagal balance (RRI LF/HF-ratios), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). We calculated Valsalva-ratios (VR) and times from lowest to highest RRIs after strain (VR-time) as indices of parasympathetic activation, intervals from highest systolic BP-values after strain-release to the time when systolic BP had fallen by 90 % of the differences between peak-phase-IV-BP and baseline-BP (90 %-BP-normalization-times), and velocities of BP-normalization (90 %-BP-normalization-velocities) as indices of sympathetic withdrawal.We compared patient- and control-parameters before and during VM (Mann-Whitney-U-tests or t-tests; significance: P < 0.05).ResultsAt rest, RRI-CVs, RRI-SDs, RRI-total-powers, RRI-LF-powers, BP-LF-powers, RRI-RMSSDs, RRI-HF-powers, and BRS were lower in patients than controls. During VMs, 90 %-BP-normalization-times were longer, and 90 %-BP-normalization-velocities were lower in patients than controls (P < 0.05).ConclusionsReduced autonomic modulation at rest and delayed BP-decrease after VM-induced baroreflex-loading indicate subtle CAD with altered baroreflex adjustment to challenge. More severe autonomic challenge might trigger more prominent cardiovascular dysregulation and thus contribute to increased mortality risk in post-mTBI-patients.

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Music induces different cardiac autonomic arousal effects in young and older persons

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

The effect of background music on episodic memory and autonomic responses: listening to emotionally touching music enhances facial memory capacity

The effect of background music on episodic memory and autonomic responses: listening to emotionally touching music enhances facial memory capacity

Non-expert listeners show decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure (fear bradycardia) in response to atonal music

Valsalva maneuver unveils central baroreflex dysfunction with altered blood pressure control in persons with a history of mild traumatic brain injury

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