Music in dreams: A diary study

König, Nina; Schredl, Michael

doi:10.1177/0305735619854533

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Overall, the emotional tone of cat dreams is more positive when compared to the overall general tone of dreams. This shift toward positive dream emotions was also found, for example, for music dreams (König et al, 2018;König & Schredl, 2021). As music is a pleasant leisure time activity, this is in line with the continuity hypothesis; that is, one can in a similar way assume that the overall relationships between dreamers and their cats are positive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Dreaming about cats: An online survey.

Schredl¹,

Bailer²,

Weigel³

et al. 2021

Dreaming

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Cats have lived with humankind for millennia, and one would expect-according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming-that cats also show up in dreams, more often when the relationship is between the cat and a human is closer, for example, when she or he is a cat owner. Previous studies showed that the percentage of dreams that included cats ranges from 0.4% to 2%, but studies relating waking-life experiences with cats with dreams about cats have not been carried out. In total, 1,695 persons (960 women, 735 men; mean age: 53.84 6 13.99 years) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences with cats. The findings indicate that cats show up-on average-in about 5% of the remembered dreams, but the percentage is much higher in cat owners or persons with a close contact to cats. Interestingly, the cat dream percentage was lower compared to the dog dream percentage, elicited in a previous study. Moreover, proximity during sleep and whether the cat stays in the household is also related to a higher percentage of dreams that include cats. Cat dreams are very positive, much more so than dreams in general, indicating that waking-life experiences with cats are also mostly positive. A small percentage of participants indicted that they had negative experiences with cats in the past; this is related to the frequency of dreams with threatening cats. The results support the continuity hypothesis, and it would be very interesting to conduct content analytic studies with dream samples obtained from pet owners to learn more about the variety of interactions between dreamers and their pets as they are reflected in dreams.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Dreaming about cats: An online survey.

Schredl¹,

Bailer²,

Weigel³

et al. 2021

Dreaming

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“…Overall, the emotional tone of dog-including dreams was more positive when compared to the overall general tone of dreams, especially in dog owners. This shift towards positive dream emotions was also found for music dreams [ 28 , 29 ]; since music is a pleasant leisure time activity, this is in line with the continuity hypothesis. The positive emotional tone of dreams including dogs can be interpreted in a similar way.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Dreaming about Dogs: An Online Survey

Schredl

Bailer

Weigel

et al. 2020

Animals

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Dogs have been close human companions for millennia and one would expect—according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming—that dogs are also quite common in dreams. Previous studies showed that the percentages of dreams that include dogs range from about 1.5% to 5%, but studies relating waking-life experiences with dogs with dreams about dogs have not been carried out. In total, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences that included dogs. The findings indicate that dogs show up, on average, in about 5% of remembered dreams, but this percentage is much higher in the dreams of dog owners and persons with close contacts with dogs. Moreover, the active time spent with a dog and the proximity during sleep is also related to a higher percentage of dreams that include dogs. Although dreams including dogs are on average more positively toned than dreams in general, about 11% of the dog dreams included threatening dogs. Persons who had negative experiences with dogs in their waking lives reported more threatening dog dreams. The results support the continuity hypothesis and it would be very interesting to conduct content analytic studies with dream samples obtained from dog owners to learn more about the variety of interactions between dreamers and dogs.

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“…Overall, the emotional tone of dreams with the dreamer’s own children was more positive when compared to the overall general tone of dreams. This shift towards positive dream emotions was also found, for example, for music dreams (König et al., 2018; König & Schredl, 2021) and dog dreams (Schredl et al., 2020). These findings are in line with the specified version of the continuity hypothesis (Schredl, 2003) as in this study most parents rated their overall emotional valence of the relationship to their children as very positive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Dreaming About One’s Own Children: An Online Survey

Schredl

Echevarria

Macary

et al. 2021

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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Social interactions with close persons are very important and one would expect – according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming – that the dreamer's own children would show up in dreams quite frequently. So far the extent to which dreams include the dreamer’s own children has not been studied systematically. Overall, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men; age mean: 53.84 ± 13.99 years) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences with their children. The findings indicate parents dream about their children in 17% of the remembered dreams, whereas participants without children only dream about having fictive children in the dream in less than 3% of all their recalled dreams. Results indicate that average emotional tone of the dreams with their own children was positive, but dreams might also focus on conflicts and worries as the mean emotional tone within dreams was less positive that the mean estimates of the emotional tone of the waking-life relationship. This first study on the frequency with which a dreamer’s own children appear in their dreams is a starting point to take a closer look at the way the parent-child relationship is reflected in dreams.

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Music in dreams: A diary study

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Dreaming about cats: An online survey.

Dreaming about cats: An online survey.

Dreaming about Dogs: An Online Survey

Dreaming About One’s Own Children: An Online Survey

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