Music and Steroids – Music Facilitates Steroid–Induced Synaptic Plasticity

Fukui, Hajime; Toyoshima, Kumiko

doi:10.5772/26511

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…stimulating hypothalamus activities by restraining the release of corticotrophin-realising hormone (CRH). As a result of this CRH restraint, the maka pituitary anterior gland is also restrained from producing adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (stress hormone), thus restraining further the adrenal gland from releasing cortisol, adrenalin, and noradrenalin hormones (Fukui and Toyoshima, 2011). The further effect is that the thyroxin hormone is restrained by thyroid gland (Parle, 2016;Safaria and Saputra, 2012;Thoma et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…activating the parasympathetic nerve works which result in decreased heart rate and blood pressure, decreased body muscle stiffness, and reduced glucose level in blood, as well as reduced energy consumption. This condition allows the occurence of relaxed, calm, and peaceful feeling and enables the individual to improve their concentration (Cheng, 2013;Fukui and Toyoshim, 2011;Fukui and Toyoshima, 2008;Groarke, 2017;H.-J. Trappe, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Students Who are Listening to Classical Music during Anatomic Identification Test Have Lower Stress Level

Istadi

2018

Sains Med. J. Kedokt. dan Kesehat.

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Introduction: Just like any other test, anatomical identification test can also cause high stress. Classical music intervention has proven effective in mitigating stress level in clinical context. However, whether or not it is effective as well to reduce stress level during anatomical identification test remains unknown.Objective: discovering whether listening to classical music can alleviate stress level in students when attending anatomical identification examination.Methods: Experimental research with post-test only control group design, involving 148 students as its sample obtained using proportionate stratified random sampling. The sample is divided into 2 groups: the group who listen to classical music and the one who did not listen to classical music. The stress level was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data are analyzed using Chi Square test.Results: Students who do not listen to classical music are mostly experiencing moderate (33 students or 22.29%), mild (29 students or 19.59%) and severe (12 students or 8.1%) stresses. On the other hand, students who listen to classical music are mostly experiencing mild (44 students or 29.72%), moderate (29 students 19.59%) and severe (1 student or 0.67%) stresses. The Chi Square test shows significant difference, p= 0.002.Conclusion: Listening to classical music makes students have lower stress level when attending anatomical identification test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Students Who are Listening to Classical Music during Anatomic Identification Test Have Lower Stress Level

Istadi

2018

Sains Med. J. Kedokt. dan Kesehat.

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“…Indeed, the hormone levels increased in the subjects with low baseline levels after musical activity, whereas the levels decreased in those with high baseline levels. We named this phenomenon the adjusting effect (Fukui and Toyoshima, 2011 ). In the present study, we did not find an adjusting effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of music on steroid hormones and the relationship between receptor polymorphisms and musical ability: a pilot study

Fukui

Toyoshima

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Studies have shown that music confers plasticity to the brain. In a preliminary pilot study, we examined the effect of music listening on steroid hormones and the relationship between steroid hormone receptor polymorphisms and musical ability. Twenty-one subjects (10 males and 11 females) were recruited and divided into musically talented and control groups. The subjects selected (1) music they preferred (chill-inducing music) and (2) music they did not like. Before and after the experiments, saliva was collected to measure the levels of steroid hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol. DNA was also isolated from the saliva samples to determine the androgen receptor (AR) and arginine vasopressin receptor 1A genotypes. Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA) was used to determine the musical ability of the subjects. With both types of music, the cortisol levels decreased significantly in both sexes. The testosterone (T) levels declined in males when they listened to both types of music. In females, the T levels increased in those listening to chill-inducing music but declined when they listened to music they disliked. However, these differences were not significant. The 17-beta estradiol levels increased in males with both types of music, whereas the levels increased with chill-inducing music but declined with disliked music in females. The AMMA scores were higher for the short repeat length-type AR than for the long repeat length-type. Comparisons of AR polymorphisms and T levels before the experiments showed that the T levels were within the low range in the short repeat length-type group and there was a positive relationship with the repeat length, although it was not significant. This is the first study conducted in humans to analyze the relationships between the AR gene, T levels, and musical ability.

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Testosterone, oxytocin and co-operation: A hypothesis for the origin and function of music

Fukui

Toyoshima²

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Since the time of Darwin, theories have been proposed on the origin and functions of music; however, the subject remains enigmatic. The literature shows that music is closely related to important human behaviours and abilities, namely, cognition, emotion, reward and sociality (co-operation, entrainment, empathy and altruism). Notably, studies have deduced that these behaviours are closely related to testosterone (T) and oxytocin (OXT). The association of music with important human behaviours and neurochemicals is closely related to the understanding of reproductive and social behaviours being unclear. In this paper, we describe the endocrinological functions of human social and musical behaviour and demonstrate its relationship to T and OXT. We then hypothesised that the emergence of music is associated with behavioural adaptations and emerged as humans socialised to ensure survival. Moreover, the proximal factor in the emergence of music is behavioural control (social tolerance) through the regulation of T and OXT, and the ultimate factor is group survival through co-operation. The “survival value” of music has rarely been approached from the perspective of musical behavioural endocrinology. This paper provides a new perspective on the origin and functions of music.

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Music and Steroids – Music Facilitates Steroid–Induced Synaptic Plasticity

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Students Who are Listening to Classical Music during Anatomic Identification Test Have Lower Stress Level

Students Who are Listening to Classical Music during Anatomic Identification Test Have Lower Stress Level

Influence of music on steroid hormones and the relationship between receptor polymorphisms and musical ability: a pilot study

Testosterone, oxytocin and co-operation: A hypothesis for the origin and function of music

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