Music and Ambient Operating Room Noise in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia

Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that music decreases intraoperative sedative requirements in patients undergoing surgical procedures under regional anesthesia. In this study we sought to determine whether this decrease in sedative requirements results from music or from eliminating operating room (OR) noise. A secondary aim of the study was to examine the relationship of response to intraoperative music and participants' culture (i.e., American versus Lebanese). Eighty adults (36 American and 54 Lebanese) undergoing urological procedures with spinal anesthesia and patient-controlled IV propofol sedation were randomly assigned to intraoperative music, white noise, or OR noise. We found that, controlling for ambient OR noise, intraoperative music decreases propofol requirements (0.004 +/- 0.002 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.014 +/- 0.004 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.012 +/- 0.002 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.026). We also found that, regardless of group assignment, Lebanese patients used less propofol as compared with American patients (0.005 +/- 0.001 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.017 +/- 0.003 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.001) and that, in both sites, patients in the music group required less propofol (P < 0.05). We conclude that when controlling for ambient OR noise, intraoperative music decreases propofol requirements of both Lebanese and American patients who undergo urological surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Blocking noise but not music lowers bispectral index scores during sedation in noisy operating rooms

“…Racial or cultural differences may be another possible explanation for the difference, although an unlikely one. A recent report showed that Lebanese patients used less propofol than American patients, even though the patients in the music group required less propofol in both cases [17]. Another possible explanation is that the level of sedation may have been greater than what has been used in other studies.…”

Effects of Art on Surgical Patients

“…), corrected, and, if unclear, a consensus was found with a senior researcher. One study was totally 14 and 4 were partially [15][16][17][18] excluded for certain endpoints due to ambiguous statistical information. One study about the effect of sunlight on patient outcome was not included in the meta-analysis.…”

Comparison of the Effect of Noise Levels on Stress Response in Two Different Operation Groups in an Orthopedic Surgery Room

“…It is considered that the release of stress hormones induced by noise is an important biological mechanism [16]. A blockage of T5 level for the metabolic and endocrine system temporarily suppresses the neuroendocrine response to operations [17][18]. With the appropriate sensorial blockage created through regional anesthesia, the increase in the levels of plasma catecholamines, cortisol, glucose, ADH, and GH which otherwise emerge from surgical stimulation can be suppressed [19][20].…”

“…Lepage et al in their study have compared patients who were operated on under spinal anesthesia and who were played music with patients who were not played music. The patients who were played music needed less sedation during the intraoperative period and there was no difference between the STAI levels [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This illustrates that the type of noise is important as well.…”