Mushroom cultivation in the circular economy

Grimm, Daniel; Wösten, Han A. B.

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9226-8

Cited by 294 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The temperature of substrate for A. bisporus cultivation changes from 80°C in phase I to between 50 and 60°C in phase II, and finally drops to 45°C in phase III, which impacts the composition of microflora (Gerrits, 1988;Grimm and W€ osten, 2018). Meanwhile, the alpha diversity of fermentative stage II was lower than that of the other stages, suggesting poorer microflora in stage II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Wheat Straw Compost for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

Cao¹,

Song²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

horts

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The Agaricus genus represents the most popular edible mushroom in the world. Wheat straw often is used as the substrate for mushroom cultivation following pretreatment to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass in agricultural waste. In this study, we investigated the changes in bacterial and fungal microflora of wheat straw substrate during different phases of composting. We collected samples of the raw material (M1), phase I aerobic fermentation (F1, F2, F3), and phase II after-fermentation (AF1) for high-throughput 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to analyze the microbial diversity in the substrate during composting. Our data revealed that among the five stages, 365 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria being the predominant bacterial phyla. In addition, Thermobispora, Thermopolyspora, Ruminiclostridium, Thermobacillus, and Bacillus were the predominant genera in F3 and AF1, with the species Thermobispora bispora and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis being predominant in F2. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots showed that the bacterial communities of five stages could be distinguished from each other based on their composting time. The Shannon and Simpson indexes of F2 were lower than M1 (P < 0.05), and the clustering dendrogram showed that the bacterial communities in AF1 were similar to F3, with Micromonosporaceae, Streptosporaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, and Vulgatibacteraceae representing the differential bacterial families by linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) analysis. The analysis of fungal communities showed that 384 OTUs were common among the five stages, with 1054 and 454 OTUs unique to M1 and AF1, respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two predominant phyla in all stages, and Chytridiomycota was predominant in F2, F3, and AF1 stages. PCA and NMDS plots showed that the clusters of F2 and AF1 were more dispersed than the other stages. No differences were observed in alpha diversity between the stages, and samples of F1, F2, and F3 were closer to AF1 in the clustering dendrogram. By LEfSe analysis, Mycothermus thermophilus, Gonapodya polymorpha, and Phaeophleospora_eugeniae were identified as the predominant fungal species in AF1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Wheat Straw Compost for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

Cao¹,

Song²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…are litter-decomposing fungi (LDFs), with an overall A lot of edible mushrooms have also proven to be able to degrade lignocellulosic materials [11,17,18]. Since edible mushrooms are widespread throughout the world [19], the ligninolytic enzymes system of edible mushrooms may be used for the recycling of a lot of worldwide agro-industrial wastes, depending on the local availability of agricultural and food industry residues. In this way, the environmentally sound management of wastes would be combined with the generation of food products with added value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleurotus spp. Cultivation on Different Agri-Food By-Products: Example of Biotechnological Application

Ritota¹,

Manzi²

2019

Sustainability

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Agri-food industry generally produces huge volumes of wastes all over the world, and their disposal is a threat to the environment and public health. The chemical composition of most of these wastes make them be defined as lignocellulosic materials, so they could be a suitable substrate for solid-state fermentation process operated by mushrooms. White-rot fungi are well known for their degradation ability of lignocellulosic material, and many scientific works reported the use of different substrates for their production. Biotechnological treatments of agri-food wastes by mushrooms could be considered an eco-friendly solution to reuse and valorize them, besides to reduce their environmental impact. In this way, wastes would be transformed into new resources to produce added-value food products, besides representing an economic return for the same industries. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the recent literature concerning the use of different agri-food residues as growth substrates for Pleurotus spp. cultivation, with attention to their effects on the growth and chemical composition of the cultivated mushrooms. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.R. and P.M.; Writing-Review & Editing, M.R. and P.M.; Supervision, M.R. and P.M. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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“…Organic residues from agriculture and the food industry provide sustainable alternatives to synthetic fertilisers and thus promote the circular economy (Grimm and Wösten, 2018). Residues from the mushroom industry, herein referred to as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), are currently treated as a waste, despite having great potential for use in the agricultural sector due to high organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) contents, as well as large scale availability (Jordan et al, 2008; Roy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic soil amendment with Spent Mushroom Substrate results in fungal colonisation, alters bacterial-fungal co-occurrence patterns and improves plant productivity

Paula

Tatti

Thorn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16In agricultural systems based on organic fertilisers, the activity of prokaryotes and fungi is 17 essential for degradation of complex substrates and release of nutrients for plant uptake. Understanding 18 the dynamics of microbial communities in these systems is, therefore, desirable for designing successful 19 management strategies aiming to optimise nutrient availability and to improve plant productivity. Of 20 particular interest is how the microbial inoculum provided by an organic substrate persists in the soil 21 and interacts with soil and plant microbiomes, as these processes may affect the long-term benefits of 22 organic amendments. We aimed to investigate how these dynamics occurred in soil treated with 23 stabilised spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a soil amendment rich in nutrients and complex organic 24 matter. We carried out a 14 weeks soil trial to assess the plant growth promoting properties of the SMS 25 and to monitor the successional processes of the resulting SMS-soil communities compared to a mineral 26 amended control. Bacterial and fungal communities were analysed by high-throughput sequencing at 27 both DNA and RNA (cDNA) levels. Using a combination of computational tools, including SourceTracker and Network analysis, we assessed the persistence of SMS-derived taxa in soil, and the 29 changes in co-occurrence patterns and microbial community structure over time. Prokaryotic and fungal 30 communities presented remarkably distinct trajectories following SMS treatment. The soil prokaryotic 31 communities displayed higher levels of resilience to the changes introduced by SMS treatment and 32 rapidly tended toward a soil-like profile, with low persistence of SMS-derived prokaryotes. In contrast, 33 the SMS fungal community had greater success in soil colonisation during the time monitored. SMS 34 treatment promoted an increase in the participation of fungi in the highly connected fraction of the 35 active community, including fungal taxa of SMS origin. We observed the presence of highly connected 36 microbial guilds, composed by fungal and bacterial taxa with reported capabilities of complex organic 37matter degradation. Many of these taxa were also significantly correlated with the organic matter 38 content and plant yield, suggesting that these highly connected taxa may play key roles not only in the 39 community structure, but also in the plant-soil system under organic fertilisation.

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Mushroom cultivation in the circular economy

Cited by 294 publications

References 61 publications

Diversity of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Wheat Straw Compost for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

Diversity of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Wheat Straw Compost for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

Pleurotus spp. Cultivation on Different Agri-Food By-Products: Example of Biotechnological Application

Organic soil amendment with Spent Mushroom Substrate results in fungal colonisation, alters bacterial-fungal co-occurrence patterns and improves plant productivity

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