The significance of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, to prehistoric Polynesians is hinted
at by its inclusion among the species that they transported with them as they colonized
Oceania. However, archaeological data reveal a pattern of pig distribution far
more extensive in prehistory than at historic contact. Domestic mammal extirpation
is a phenomenon apparently unique to prehistoric Polynesia. Although well recognized,
the local extinction of domestic pigs in Polynesia prior to European contact
has yet to be satisfactorily explained. Earlier accounts attributed the patchy distribution
of pigs across the Island South Pacific to intentional extermination by their
Polynesian keepers. More recent approaches seek to understand the disappearance
of these animals within a biogeographic and ecological framework. Here, I test the
hypothesis that the success of pig husbandry is correlated with ecological variables
and demonstrate that the likelihood of pig extinction increases with decreasing
island size.