Musculoskeletal phenotype through the life course: the role of nutrition

Ward, Kate

doi:10.1017/s0029665111003375

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Similarly, another study showed that in women aged 24–35 years, South Asian women had lower aBMD compared to White European women, however, after adjustments for body or bone size the difference between the groups were attenuated [3]. These studies illustrate the limitations of DXA when describing population differences [4], [5] where body size and habitus differ. Using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has advantages because it measures volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical and trabecular compartments separately and provides information also about other structural parameters which contribute to bone strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Despite lower BMC in the South Asian women, bone strength as estimated using the stress strain index (SSI) was similar. Thus, it is possible that bones of pre-menopausal South Asian women may be efficiently adapted to a lower BMC as a result of a different distribution of bone mineral within the periosteal envelope, thereby preserving bone strength [4], [6]. Whether these findings are similar in men remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2016

Bone

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Relatively little is known about the bone health of ethnic groups within the UK and data are largely restricted to women. The aim of this study was to investigate ethnic differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry and strength in UK men.White European, Black Afro-Caribbean and South Asian men aged over 40 years were recruited from Greater Manchester, UK. aBMD at the spine, hip, femoral neck and whole body were measured by DXA. Bone geometry, strength and vBMD were measured at the radius and tibia using pQCT at the metaphysis (4%) and diaphysis (50% radius; 38% tibia) sites. Adjustments were made for age, weight and height.Black men had higher aBMD at the whole body, total hip and femoral neck compared to White and South Asian men independent of body size adjustments, with no differences between the latter two groups. White men had longer hip axis lengths than both Black and South Asian men. There were fewer differences in vBMD but White men had significantly lower cortical vBMD at the tibial diaphysis than Black and South Asian men (p < 0.001). At the tibia and radius diaphysis, Black men had larger bones with thicker cortices and greater bending strength than the other groups. There were fewer differences between White and South Asian men. At the metaphysis, South Asian men had smaller bones (p = 0.02) and lower trabecular vBMD at the tibia (p = 0.003). At the diaphysis, after size-correction, South Asian men had similar sized bones but thinner cortices than White men; measures of strength were not broadly reduced in the South Asian men.Combining pQCT and DXA measurements has given insight into differences in bone phenotype in men from different ethnic backgrounds. Understanding such differences is important in understanding the aetiology of male osteoporosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2016

Bone

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“…As a key component of environment, the role of diet has been tested in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies at different stages of the life course and the potential impact of multiple dietary factors on bone health and fracture risk has been reported 1. Despite this, there is a lack of consistency between studies; there are multiple reasons for this: (1) there are few, if any, studies of the cumulative effects of diet through the life course; (2) a single dietary nutrient is a small part of total intake and dietary composition; (3) diet also reflects socioeconomic status and lifestyle of the individual; and (4) randomized controlled trials of diet only last 1 to 2 years, which may not be long enough to show an effect 2, 3, 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Course Dietary Patterns and Bone Health in Later Life in a British Birth Cohort Study

Ward

Prentice

Kuh

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Evidence for the contribution of individual foods and nutrients to bone health is weak. Few studies have considered hypothesis‐based dietary patterns and bone health. We investigated whether a protein‐calcium‐potassium–rich (PrCaK‐rich) dietary pattern over the adult life course, was positively associated with bone outcomes at 60 to 64 years of age. Diet diaries were collected at ages 36, 46, 53, and 60 to 64 years in 1263 participants (661 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. DXA and pQCT measurements were obtained at age 60 to 64 years, including size‐adjusted bone mineral content (SA‐BMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). A food‐based dietary pattern best explaining dietary calcium, potassium, and protein intakes (g/1000 kcal) was identified using reduced rank regression. Dietary pattern Z‐scores were calculated for each individual, at each time point. Individual trajectories in dietary pattern Z‐scores were modeled to summarize changes in Z‐scores over the study period. Regression models examined associations between these trajectories and bone outcomes at age 60 to 64 years, adjusting for baseline dietary pattern Z‐score and other confounders. A consistent PrCaK‐rich dietary pattern was identified within the population, over time. Mean ± SD dietary pattern Z‐scores at age 36 years and age 60 to 64 years were –0.32 ± 0.97 and 2.2 ± 1.5 (women) and –0.35 ± 0.98 and 1.7 ± 1.6 (men), respectively. Mean trajectory in dietary pattern Z‐scores ± SD was 0.07 ± 0.02 units/year. Among women, a 0.02‐SD unit/year higher trajectory in dietary pattern Z‐score over time was associated with higher SA‐BMC (spine 1.40% [95% CI, 0.30 to 2.51]; hip 1.35% [95% CI, 0.48 to 2.23]), and vBMD (radius 1.81% [95% CI, 0.13 to 3.50]) at age 60 to 64 years. No statistically significant associations were found in men. During adulthood, an increasing score for a dietary pattern rich in protein, calcium, and potassium was associated with greater SA‐BMC at fracture‐prone sites in women. This study emphasizes the importance of these nutrients, within the context of the whole diet, to bone health. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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“…Moving forward, work should include direct assessment of a maturational marker or pubertal status and nutritional status, dietary intake, and markers of socioeconomic status to further define the concept of nutritional vulnerability in adolescents. Such measurements would include assessment of micronutrient status for nutrients such as zinc, iron, sodium, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin A . Clearly, adolescence remains an important period of an individual's life course and is an important determinant of adult and intergenerational health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such measurements would include assessment of micronutrient status for nutrients such as zinc, iron, sodium, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin A. 34 Clearly, adolescence remains an important period of an individual's life course and is an important determinant of adult and intergenerational health. It is important to extend the work to other settings and to continue to monitor the current population, which is in nutritional, social, and economic transition, to fully understand the impact of adolescence in future noncommunicable disease risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In rural Gambia, do adolescents have increased nutritional vulnerability compared with adults?

Schoenbuchner

Moore

Johnson

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to malnutrition owing to the energy and nutrient costs of the pubertal growth spurt. Here, our aim is to compare differences in selected markers of nutritional status between adolescents and adults in rural Gambia. The Keneba Biobank collects cross‐sectional data and samples for all consenting individuals resident in the West Kiang region of the Gambia. For this study, participants between the ages of 10 and 40 years were selected (n = 4201, females 2447). Height, body mass index, body composition, hemoglobin concentration, fasting glucose concentration, and blood pressure were compared using linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, season of measurement, and residence, across three age groups: early adolescent (10–14.9 years), late adolescent (15–19.9 years), and adult (20–39.9 years). Adolescents, particularly early‐adolescent girls and boys, were shorter, lighter, and leaner than adults. By late adolescence, differences were smaller, particularly in girls where, notably, the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose was low. Given the importance of maternal health for reproductive outcomes and intergenerational health, the results of the study, albeit with limited biomarkers available, indicate that adolescent girls are no more compromised than adult women or males from the same population.

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Musculoskeletal phenotype through the life course: the role of nutrition

Cited by 23 publications

References 113 publications

Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK

Ethnic differences in bone geometry between White, Black and South Asian men in the UK

Life Course Dietary Patterns and Bone Health in Later Life in a British Birth Cohort Study

In rural Gambia, do adolescents have increased nutritional vulnerability compared with adults?

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