Musculoskeletal Injuries During Military Initial Entry Training

Carow, Scott D.; J, Gaddy

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2984-9_5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…It has been previously suggested that these first female elite warfighters (FEW) will be protected against the commonly observed musculoskeletal injuries, such as bone stress reactions (8) by greater lean and bone mass compared with other female Soldiers and some athletes. Without question, this group has a distinctly defined mental outlook, including a very high degree of self-motivation and grit, as already reported (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Physiological Characterization of Female Elite Warfighters

McClung¹,

Spiering

Bartlett³

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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IntroductionThis study characterized a sample of the first women to complete elite United States (US) military training.MethodsTwelve female graduates of the US Army Ranger Course and one of the first Marine Corps Infantry Officers Course graduates participated in 3 d of laboratory testing including serum endocrine profiles, aerobic capacity, standing broad jump, common soldiering tasks, Army Combat Fitness Test, and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, three-dimensional body surface scans, and anthropometry).ResultsThe women were 6 months to 4 yr postcourse graduation, 30 ± 6 yr (mean ± SD); height, 1.67 ± 0.07 m; body mass, 69.4 ± 8.2 kg; body mass index, 25.0 ± 2.3 kg·m−2. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry relative fat was 20.0% ± 2.0%; fat-free mass, 53.0 ± 5.9 kg; fat-free mass index, 20.0 ± 1.7 kg·m−2; bone mineral content, 2.75 ± 0.28 kg; bone mineral density, 1.24 ± 0.07 g·cm−2; aerobic capacity, 48.2 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1; total Army Combat Fitness Test score 505 ± 27; standing broad jump 2.0 ± 0.2 m; 123 kg casualty drag 0.70 ± 0.20 m·s−1, and 4 mile 47 kg ruck march 64 ± 6 min. All women were within normal healthy female range for circulating androgens. Physique from three-dimensional scan demonstrated greater circumferences at eight of the 11 sites compared with the standard military female.ConclusionsThese pioneering women possessed high strength and aerobic capacity, low %BF; high fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and bone mass and density; and they were not virilized based on endocrine measures as compared with other reference groups. This group is larger in body size and leaner than the average Army woman. These elite physical performers seem most comparable to female competitive strength athletes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Physiological Characterization of Female Elite Warfighters

McClung¹,

Spiering

Bartlett³

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…According to the U.S. Army, an estimated 75% of recruits will sustain a musculoskeletal injury during basic and/or advanced training [2]. These training-related injuries result in long-term disability and attrition, with substantial financial cost to the Armed Services [1,3]. The most common location of these musculoskeletal injuries is reportedly the knee joint [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and limb impact biomechanics associated with risk of injury during drop landing with body borne load

et al. 2019

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Increasing lower limb flexion may reduce risk of musculoskeletal injury for military personnel during landing. This study compared lower limb biomechanics between sexes and limbs when using normal and greater lower limb flexion to land with body borne load. Thirty-three participants (21 male, 12 female, age: 21.6±2.5 years, height: 1.7±0.1 m, weight: 74.5±9.0 kg) performed normal and flexed lower limb landings with four body borne loads: 20, 25, 30 and 35 kg. Hip and knee biomechanics, peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and the magnitude and direction of the GRF vector in frontal plane were submitted to two separate repeated measures ANOVAs to test the main and interaction effects of sex, load, and landing, as well as limb, load, and landing. Participants increased GRFs (between 5 and 10%) and hip and knee flexion moments when landing with body borne load, but decreased vertical GRF 19% and hip adduction and knee abduction joint range of motion and moments during the flexed landings. Both females and the non-dominant limb presented greater risk of musculoskeletal injury during landing. Females exhibited larger GRFs, increased hip adduction range of motion, and greater knee abduction moments compared to males. Whereas, the non-dominant limb increased knee abduction moments and exhibited a more laterally-directed frontal plane GRF vector compared to the dominant limb during the loaded landings. Yet, increasing lower limb flexion during landing does not appear to produce similar reductions in lower limb biomechanics related to injury risk for both females and the non-dominant limb during landing.

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“…These musculoskeletal injuries commonly occur during basic and/or advanced training 2 , and are the most prominent cause of long-term disability and medical discharge for military peronnel 3 . A majority of these musculoskeletal injuries, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Lower Limb Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Cut with Body Borne Load

Fain¹

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Musculoskeletal Injuries During Military Initial Entry Training

Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

Physical and Physiological Characterization of Female Elite Warfighters

Physical and Physiological Characterization of Female Elite Warfighters

Sex and limb impact biomechanics associated with risk of injury during drop landing with body borne load

Sex Differences in Lower Limb Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Cut with Body Borne Load

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