Musculoskeletal imaging in progress: The EOS imaging system

Patient-specific 3D models created by 3D imaging system or bi-planar imaging coupled with Moiré–Fringe projections: a comparative study of accuracy and reliability on spinal curvatures and vertebral rotation data

“…Moreover, inter-and intra-rater reliabilities were excellent with both software programs for all measurements with the exception of axial rotation for B3S. The B3S method has several advantages compared to the EOS system, the main one being its cost effectiveness as this technology is compatible with any existing radiological system and does not require any additional specific environment [24]. The EOS system requires a 15-25 0 acquisition time (depending on the anatomic zone to be covered) that can lead to motion artifacts in case of instable patients [23].…”

“…The EOS imaging system, based on Nobel prize-winning Georges Charpak's Xenon multiwire proportional chamber, Digital images are secondarily processed on SterEOS Ò allowing 3D bone modeling and 3D measurements. Given its numerous advantages including simultaneous and very low-dose frontal and sagittal acquisitions, full view of patient skeleton including lower limbs, and the very good image quality without any stitching or vertical distortion, it is currently considered the gold standard for 2D and 3D measurements and reconstructions on weight-bearing patients [9,13,23,24]. Technology of the B3S method is different as an optical acquisition, based on the projection of a structured light pattern on the back of the patient, is performed simultaneously to the X-ray acquisition.…”

The Lower Extremity: Congenital and Developmental Conditions

“…There is also genu valgus (Courtesy of Rebecca Stein-Wexler) [ 63 ]. Alternatively, the EOS 2D/3D low-dose digital imaging device (EOS Imaging SA, Paris, France) provides images that can be manipulated in a variety of ways to allow both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional evaluation of rotational abnormalities [ 64 ] (see Chap. 3 ).…”

“…The scout view from a CT of the lower extremities also allows accurate measurement. The EOS 2D/3D lowdose digital imaging device may also be employed to determine leg length [ 64 ]. …”

The Spine: Congenital and Developmental Conditions

“…3.53 ). These can be manipulated further to allow detailed analysis of curve structure [ 80 ]. All of these measures should be employed in any facility performing a signifi cant number of spine examinations, as radiographic monitoring of scoliosis has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and infertility [ 76 , 81 -84 ].…”