Musculature of the Male Abdominal Segments and Terminalia of Spilogona Schnabl, 1911 (Diptera, Muscidae: Coenosiinae)

2021

Acta Zoologica

The abdominal and pregenital segments and genitalia were studied in males of Tachina nupta Rondani, 1859. The examined species is very similar in the structure of the sclerites and muscles of their terminal segments to Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen, 1826 previously studied by R. Salzer. Despite the same set of pregenital muscles, a completely membranous tergite VI was found in Tachina in contrast to Calliphora. The discovery of membranous tergite VI in Tachina nupta indicates that it was not included in the syntergosternite VII +VIII. The membranous tergite VI, as well as the reduced set of muscles of the phallapodeme (absence of muscles of postgonites) in Tachina compared with Calliphora, indicates the result of apomorphic reduction in Tachina. Descriptions and figures of the genital sclerites and muscles of Tachina nupta are given.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculature of the male abdominal segments and terminalia of Tachina nupta Rondani (Diptera: Tachinidae)

2021

Acta Zoologica

“…The musculature of the epandrium of the Fanniidae is generally similar to that of the Muscidae [36][37][38][39]. The main difference is in the shape and position of the cercal muscles M 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Currently, the musculature of the male terminalia has only been studied in a few members of the muscoid grade, in particular in two species of Anthomyiidae [35], one species of Scathophagidae [33] and 16 species of Muscidae [32,[36][37][38][39]. Although only a few members of this superfamily have been studied, tendencies in the reduction of the pregenital segments and musculature, as well as of the phallapodeme muscles, have been revealed in the evolution of this grade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The homologies of the pregenital sclerites in members of different subfamilies of the Muscidae, in particular the nature of tergite VI, sternites VI and VII, syntergosternite VII + VIII and of the hypandrial appendages, were confirmed by analysis of the muscle connections. A different set of muscles has been detected within the Muscidae at the subfamily level [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Fanniidae within the Muscoid Grade (Diptera: Calyptrata) Based on the Musculature of the Male Terminalia

2022

Insects

The abdominal and pregenital segments and the genitalia were studied in males of Fannia subpellucens (Zetterstedt, 1845), Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761) and Fannia incisurata (Zetterstedt, 1838). In comparison with the remaining members of the muscoid grade, in addition to the symmetry of the pregenital segments, significant reductions of the sclerites and musculature of the male terminalia have been observed in Fanniidae. The muscular structure of pregenital segments confirms that the fused pregenital ring is syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII. Symmetry and fusion, as well as the lower number of the sclerites and muscles of the pregenital segments and male genitalia of the Fanniidae, can be considered apomorphic character states. The presence of the lateral bacilliform sclerite, as well as the presence and position of the epandrial muscles M 26, three pairs of muscles M 19 and paired muscles M 18, can be considered as a plesiomorphic character state of the Fanniidae. The structure of the sclerites and muscles of the male abdominal segments and terminalia place the Fanniidae at the base of the muscoid grade and Oestroidea, as has been confirmed by recent molecular studies.

Musculature of the male abdominal segments and terminalia of Zaphne barbiventris (Zetterstedt, 1845) and Delia fabricii (Holmgren, 1872) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

2022

Acta Zoologica

The abdominal and pregenital segments and genitalia were studied in males of Zaphne barbiventris (Zetterstedt, 1845) and Delia fabricii (Holmgren, 1872) (Anthomyiidae). The examined species are very similar in the structure of the sclerites and muscles of their terminal segments. Differences between Delia Robineau‐Desvoidy, 1830 and Zaphne Robineau‐Desvoidy, 1830 were found only in the structure of the pregenital segments and their muscles. Delia has well‐developed and well‐identified tergite VI, while tergite VI of Zaphne is fused in syntergosternite VI + VII + VIII as indicated by the insertion of muscles of ITM 5 running from tergite V. Within members of the muscoid grade, the skeleton and musculature of male terminalia of the Anthomyiidae were similar to that in the subfamily Azeliinae of the Muscidae and the Scathophagidae. The complete set of phallapodeme muscles, as well as the complete set of muscles of the pregenital sclerites and the position of cercal muscles M 26, has shown that the Anthomyiidae have more plesiomorphic character states than other members of the muscoid grade. Descriptions and figures of the terminal sclerites and muscles of Zaphne barbiventris are provided.