Musculature development in planuloids of Cassiopeia xamachana (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Khabibulina, Valeriia; Starunov, Viktor V.

doi:10.1007/s00435-019-00444-6

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The anthozoans and scyphozoans share some similar morphological features of muscle system. Muscle elements are organized in functional groups: septal muscle bands in the scyphopolyps (Chia et al, 1984;Khabibulina, Starunov, 2019) or mesenterial columnar muscles in the anthopolyps (Jahnel et al, 2014). In both cases FMRFamide-like neurons accompany these muscle groups (Marlow et al, 2009; this study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…tion (Schiariti et al, 2008;Kienberger et al, 2018). Recently we have studied the musculature of the Cassiopeia polyps (Khabibulina, Starunov, 2019). Further study on the nervous system organization in this species is important not only for the comparative analysis, but also because polyps of Cassiopeidae family have the special type of budding (Arai, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FMRFamide immunoreactive nervous system in the adult Cassiopeia xamachana scyphopolyp and at the early stages of planuloid formation

Khabibulina

Starunov

2020

Invertzool

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FMRFamide immunoreactive nervous system in the adult Cassiopeia xamachana scyphopolyp and at the early stages of planuloid formation

Khabibulina

Starunov

2020

Invertzool

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“…In the budding polyp, one of the septal muscle bands branches and enters the area of the developing planuloid bud ( cf. Khabibulina and Starunov, 2019 ). Thus, at detachment, buds already possess 4 septal muscles at their aboral (apical) pole.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences include: (i) the presence of the aboral nervous system in planula larvae but not planuloid buds, (ii) the presence of septal muscles (sm) as well as septal neurites (sn) in planuloid buds but not planula larvae, and (iii) the stage when serotonin-LIR cells (sc) emerge. The schematic representation also includes the results from myogenesis and FMRFamide-LIR during planuloid bud development as described in Khabibulina and Starunov (2019 , 2020) . Aboral knob (ak), apical pole (ap), FMRF-LIR cell bodies (cb), basal disc (bd), body neurites (bn), calyx (c), cilia (ci), hypostome muscles (hm), hypostome neurites (hn), mouth (m), nerve net (nn), neural processes (np), neural cell bodies (nc), oral nerve ring (onr), peduncle (p), serotonin-LIR cells (sc), septal muscles (sm), septal neurites (sn), stalk (st), tentacle anlagen (ta), tentacles (t), tentacle muscles (tm), tentacle neurites (tn), tentacle serotonin-LIR cells (t-sc).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular development in the emerging scyphozoan model system, Cassiopea xamachana: implications for the evolution of cnidarian nervous systems

Amplatz,

Zieger,

Abed-Navandi

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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The scyphozoan Cassiopea xamachana is an emerging cnidarian model system for studying regeneration, animal-algae symbiotic relationships, and various aspects of evolutionary biology including the early emergence of animal nervous systems. Cassiopea has a life cycle similar to other scyphozoans, which includes the alternation between a sessile, asexual form (polyp) and a sexually reproducing stage, the medusa. The transition between the two forms is called strobilation, where the polyp releases a miniature medusa, the iconic ephyra, that subsequently develops into the adult medusa. In addition, Cassiopea polyps may reproduce asexually by budding off free-swimming so-called planuloid buds. While the development of planuloid buds and polyps has been studied in some detail, little is known about the ontogeny of the sexually produced planula larva. Using immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy, we examined neuromuscular development during metamorphosis of the planula larva into the juvenile polyp in C. xamachana. For this purpose, we used tyrosinated α-tubulin-, FMRFamide- and serotonin-like immunoreactivity together with phalloidin labeling. Our results show a planula nervous system that consists of a basiectodermal neural plexus with mostly longitudinally oriented neurites. This neural meshwork is connected to sensory neurons in the superficial stratum of the ectoderm, which are exclusively localized in the aboral half of the larva. During settlement, this aborally concentrated nervous system of the planula is replaced completely by the orally concentrated nervous system of the polyp. Adult polyps show an extensive nerve net with a loose concentration around the oral disc. These findings are consistent with data from other scyphozoans and most likely constitute a conserved feature of scyphozoan discomedusae. Taken together, the data currently available suggest an aborally concentrated nervous system including sensory cells as part of the neural ground pattern of cnidarian planula larvae. The reorganization of the nervous system from anterior to posterior in planula-to-polyp metamorphosis most likely also constitutes an ancestral trait in cnidarian evolution.

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“…Proliferation activity decreases up to the moment of complete planuloid formation. In the brief period after separation, planuloids do not grow but start to differentiate their own musculature (Khabibulina and Starunov, 2019). Shortly thereafter the new growth phase begins, and proliferation activity increases again.…”

Section: Zoologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation activity in the polyps of <em>Cassiopea xamachana</em>: where the planuloid buds grow

Khabibulina

Starunov

2021

BioComm

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Polyps of the Cassiopeidae family possess a unique type of asexual reproduction by producing free-swimming buds — planuloids. The process of planuloid development and transformation to polyp has been described earlier, however, the source of tissue formation is still poorly studied. Using the method of EdU incorporation we have analyzed DNA synthesis activity during planuloid formation and growth in Cassiopea xamachana. We revealed the active proliferation zone at the early stage of bud formation. This zone continued to function during planuloid growth, providing the formation of polyp structures, and preserved in polyp calyx after metamorphosis. Its proliferation activity varied at different growth stages, whereas the localization remained relatively the same.

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Musculature development in planuloids of Cassiopeia xamachana (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

FMRFamide immunoreactive nervous system in the adult Cassiopeia xamachana scyphopolyp and at the early stages of planuloid formation

FMRFamide immunoreactive nervous system in the adult Cassiopeia xamachana scyphopolyp and at the early stages of planuloid formation

Neuromuscular development in the emerging scyphozoan model system, Cassiopea xamachana: implications for the evolution of cnidarian nervous systems

Proliferation activity in the polyps of <em>Cassiopea xamachana</em>: where the planuloid buds grow

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