Muscular system of a peculiar parasitic cnidarian Polypodium hydriforme: A phalloidin fluorescence study

Raikova, E. V.; Ibragimov, Alexey; Raikova, Olga I.

doi:10.1016/j.tice.2007.01.003

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The musculature of the myxozoan Buddenbrockia plumatellae and of Polypodium hydriforme has recently been investigated (Raikova et al, 2007; Gruhl and Okamura, 2012). They represent a unique case within cnidarians, possessing only smooth muscle cells localized in the mesoglea and lacking epithelial muscle cells altogether.…”

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They represent a unique case within cnidarians, possessing only smooth muscle cells localized in the mesoglea and lacking epithelial muscle cells altogether. In particular, the worm-like parasite Buddenbrockia possesses four longitudinal non epithelial smooth muscles (Gruhl and Okamura, 2012) while Polypodium has a complex array of smooth myocytes located in different parts of the body (Raikova et al, 2007). Many other myxozoans species are even more extremely specialized to their parasitic life style, not possessing any muscle cells (Hartikainen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) hold an informative phylogenetic position for understanding muscle evolution. Here, we review current knowledge on muscle function, diversity, development, regeneration and evolution in cnidarians. Cnidarian muscles are involved in various activities, such as feeding, escape, locomotion and defense, in close association with the nervous system. This variety is reflected in the large diversity of muscle organizations found in Cnidaria. Smooth epithelial muscle is thought to be the most common type, and is inferred to be the ancestral muscle type for Cnidaria, while striated muscle fibers and non-epithelial myocytes would have been convergently acquired within Cnidaria. Current knowledge of cnidarian muscle development and its regeneration is limited. While orthologs of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD have yet to be found in cnidarian genomes, striated muscle formation potentially involves well-conserved myogenic genes, such as twist and mef2. Although satellite cells have yet to be identified in cnidarians, muscle plasticity (e.g., de- and re-differentiation, fiber repolarization) in a regenerative context and its potential role during regeneration has started to be addressed in a few cnidarian systems. The development of novel tools to study those organisms has created new opportunities to investigate in depth the development and regeneration of cnidarian muscle cells and how they contribute to the regenerative process.

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Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Cnidarians can possess smooth and/or striated muscular tissue [63,64] (electronic supplementary material, text S2), both of which can form fibrous bundles arranged in a similar manner to those in Haootia [65] (figure 3 a ; electronic supplementary material, figure S6). Rare fossil examples of cnidarian muscular tissue (e.g.…”

Section: Metazoan Affinities?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twisting and overlapping of fossil medusa tentacles [71] also compare closely with Haootia 's flexible branches. Phalloidin fluorescence reveals that the 1–2.5 µm-width smooth muscle fibres in the extant parasitic hydrozoan Polypodium hydriforme run longitudinally up the length of the tentacles [65] in an arrangement strikingly similar to individual fibres in H. quadriformis . Furthermore, the junction between muscles in the tentacles and those in the body of P. hydriforme produces a similar ‘truncated’ surface to the ridges observed in Haootia (figure 1 d ; [65], fig.…”

Section: Metazoan Affinities?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma)

et al. 2014

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Muscle tissue is a fundamentally eumetazoan attribute. The oldest evidence for fossilized muscular tissue before the Early Cambrian has hitherto remained moot, being reliant upon indirect evidence in the form of Late Ediacaran ichnofossils. We here report a candidate muscle-bearing organism, Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., from approximately 560 Ma strata in Newfoundland, Canada. This taxon exhibits sediment moulds of twisted, superimposed fibrous bundles arranged quadrilaterally, extending into four prominent bifurcating corner branches. Haootia is distinct from all previously published contemporaneous Ediacaran macrofossils in its symmetrically fibrous, rather than frondose, architecture. Its bundled fibres, morphology, and taphonomy compare well with the muscle fibres of fossil and extant Cnidaria, particularly the benthic Staurozoa. Haootia quadriformis thus potentially provides the earliest body fossil evidence for both metazoan musculature, and for Eumetazoa, in the geological record.

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“…Smooth muscle cells, independent from epithelial ones, form longitudinal muscles under epidermis (Raikova et al, 2007). Amoebocytes are occasionally present within the mesoglea of the free-living stages, while in gonads the mesoglea contains developing gametes.…”

Section: B I L a T E R I A N A N D T R I P L O B L A S T I C C H A R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomorphological peculiarities of Polypodium hydriforme (Cnidaria)

Raikova

2008

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Cytomorphological characters of Polypodium hydriforme-a unique cnidarian, adapted to intracellular parasitism inside oocytes of Acipenseriform fish-are reviewed and analysed. Polypodium's unique characters, those shared with the Myxozoa, and the characters shared with bilateral triploblastic animals are listed. The set of unique features has allowed us to allocate Polypodium to a separate cnidarian class Polypodiozoa Raikova, 1988. The combination of characters displayed by P. hydriforme suggests that this animal is not an aberrant cnidarian, as it was formerly believed, but a relic of a major cnidarian group (class Polypodiozoa) that has undergone reduction due to adaptation to parasitism.

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Muscular system of a peculiar parasitic cnidarian Polypodium hydriforme: A phalloidin fluorescence study

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma)

Cytomorphological peculiarities of Polypodium hydriforme (Cnidaria)

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