Muscular Strength and Adiposity as Predictors of Adulthood Cancer Mortality in Men

Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Sui, Xuemei; Lobelo, Felipe; Lee, Duck-chul; Morrow, James R.; Jackson, Allen W.; Hébert, James R.; Matthews, Charles E.; Sjöstróm, Michael; Blair, Steven N.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1075

Cited by 125 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…There is an emerging research base showing the functional and metabolic importance of retention of lean body mass [2,17,18], and an approach is needed that preserves, as much as possible, lean body mass. Low CRF also exacerbates cardiovascular risk in people with T2D [25], and both strength and CRF independently and jointly affect morbidity and mortality risks [26][27][28]. Typically, improving CRF is approached by moderate intensity endurance aerobic training (AT) or, more currently, extended interval training.…”

Section: Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a new treatment paradigm for disease prevention and healthy aging

Winett

Davy

Marinik

et al. 2013

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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An increasingly prevalent pattern of risk factors has emerged in middle-aged and older adults that includes the presence of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, overweight or obese weight status with central obesity and very high body fat, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), low strength, and a low lean-body-mass-to-body-fat ratio. Traditionally, these problems have been approached with a low-fat and low-calorie diet and with lower to moderate intensity activity such as walking. While the treatment has some clear benefits, this approach may no longer be optimal because it does not reflect more recent findings from nutrition and exercise sciences. Specifically, these fields have gained a greater understanding of the metabolic and functional importance of focusing on reducing body fat and central obesity while maintaining or even increasing lean body mass, a quality weight loss, and how to efficiently and effectively increase CRF and strength. Evidence is presented for shifting the treatment paradigm for disease prevention and healthy aging to include the DASH nutrition pattern but with additional protein, higher intensity, brief aerobic training, effortbased, brief resistance training, and structured physical activity. Recent interventions based on social cognitive theory for initiating and then maintaining health behavior changes show the feasibility and efficacy of the approach we are advocating especially within a multiple health behavior change format and the potential for translating the new treatment paradigm into practice. KEYWORDSDiabetes, Quality weight loss, Treatment paradigm, Multiple health behaviors IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM, USUAL TREATMENT, CHANGING THE TREATMENT PARADIGM A pressing public health problem is the high prevalence of engagement in multiple, poor health behaviors, creating patterns of high risk for morbidity and mortality and contributing to considerable individual and societal financial burden [1,2]. One pattern that is becoming increasingly prevalent is the combination of prediabetes, overweight or obese weight status, central obesity (increased visceral adipose tissue), and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with gradual loss of lean body mass and strength [3], which further increases the risks for type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers, disabilities, and premature death [4]. The prevalence of T2D, based on fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c levels in adults, aged 45-64 years old, is~14 %, and the prevalence of prediabetes for adults >20 years old is~35 % [5]. For adults over 65 years old, the prevalence of T2D is 27 % and the prevalence of prediabetes is~50 % [5]. Overweight, not just obesity weight status, is often comorbid for central obesity (waist circumference (WC) ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) [3], which is associated with increased risk of T2D, especially for women [6]. Overweight individuals with large WC's, though at high risk, are often not identified for interventions [6,7]. The normal agerelated loss of lean body mass beginning in m...

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Section: Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a new treatment paradigm for disease prevention and healthy aging

Winett

Davy

Marinik

et al. 2013

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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“…Muscular fitness (power/muscular strength) has been inversely associated with death from all causes [3], and adequate cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of body fat, has shown a lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease [4,5]. In obese adolescents, low physical fitness has been associated with elevated symptoms of depression [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that the presence of low physical fitness levels promotes the occurrence of risk factors in health [2][3][4][5] and that these are related to sociodemographic factors [7][8][9][10][11], it was considered essential to evaluate these factors at an early age and analyze them according to these outlined parameters. One reason being that adolescence is considered a period of numerous lifestyle changes that may contribute towards maintaining satisfactory physical fitness levels later in adulthood [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to concomitant low health-related physical fitness components and associated sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adolescents

Minatto¹,

Petroski²,

Silva³

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. To determine the prevalence of the presence of concomitant low health-related physical fitness components with sociodemographic factors among Brazilian adolescents living in a small town of German colonization. Methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study on adolescents (10 to 17 years old) from the public schools of São Bonifácio, Santa Catarina, Brazil (N = 277) was conducted. The FITNESSGRAM test battery was applied to assess three physical fitness components (body com position, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness). Data on age (split into two age groups of 10-12 and 13-17 years), gender (male/ female), area of residence (rural/urban) and socioeconomic status (low/high) were collected by a questionnaire. Maturity, determined by pubic hair development, was self-assessed. The analyzed physical fitness components were analyzed in terms of the groups of three possible combinations that featured two physical fitness components concomitantly. Adjusted binary and multinomial logistic regression was applied, adopting a confidence level of 95%. Results. 75.4% of boys and 88.5% of girls showed unsatisfactory levels for health in at least one physical fitness component. Girls living in rural areas were more likely to have combinations of excess body fat with low muscular fitness (OR = 5.06, 95% CI [1.31, 19.61]), low muscular fitness with low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 5.46, 95% CI [1.24, 23.94]) and feature two (OR = 8.82, 95% CI [1.60, 48.49]) low values of the components regardless of which combination. Boys aged 10-12 years were less exposed to lower fitness levels compared to those with satisfactory levels (OR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.01, 0.61]). Conclusions. More effective measures aimed at promoting physical fitness among adolescents are needed, where special attention should be given to boys aged 10-12 years and girls aged 13-17 years and living in rural areas.

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“…Se han relacionado bajos niveles de flexibilidad con dolor de espalda baja en adolescentes (10) y con mayor riesgo de dolor de espalda baja en la adultez (11). En un reciente estudio se examinó la fuerza muscular con la mortalidad por cáncer y se encontró que aquellos sujetos ubicados en el primer tercil de fuerza presentaron mayores tasas de mortalidad por cáncer comparados con los terciles superiores (12). De manera similar, bajos niveles de fuerza muscular en la adolescencia están asociados con pobre perfil metabólico (1) y con enfermedad y todas las causas de muerte en la adultez (13).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified