Muscle, tendons, and bone: structural changes during denervation and FES treatment

Gargiulo, Paolo; Reynisson, Páll Jens; Helgason, Benedikt; Kern, Helmut; Mayr, Winfried; Ingvarsson, Páll; Helgason, Þórður; Carraro, Ugo

doi:10.1179/1743132811y.0000000007

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The benefits of this technology are being expanded into other areas, and FES has been recently utilized for injury rehabilitation and performance enhancement in horses. [24][25][26][27] The ability of FES to obtain precise, controlled functional movement, when compared to other electrotherapy approaches, is intriguing.…”

Section: Functional Electrical Stimulation (Fes) Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional electrical stimulation as a safe and effective treatment for equine epaxial muscle spasms: Clinical evaluations and histochemical morphometry of mitochondria in muscle biopsies

Ravara¹,

Gobbo

Carraro

et al. 2015

Eur J Transl Myol

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Section: Functional Electrical Stimulation (Fes) Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional electrical stimulation as a safe and effective treatment for equine epaxial muscle spasms: Clinical evaluations and histochemical morphometry of mitochondria in muscle biopsies

Ravara¹,

Gobbo

Carraro

et al. 2015

Eur J Transl Myol

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“…False Color Computed Tomography is popular in cardiology [115], but QMC-CT is still a novelty for quantitative analyses of total volume and quality of anatomically defined skeletal muscles. QMC-CT is a highly sensitive quantitative imaging analysis recently developed by the group of Prof. Paolo Gargiulo to monitor skeletal muscle and perform follow-up examinations of muscle affected by wasting conditions [116][117][118][119][120]. Through the successful EU Program: RISE [Use of electrical stimulation to restore standing in paraplegics with longterm denervated degenerated muscles (QLG5-CT-2001-02191), and INTERREG III and IV: European Regional Development Fund, project Mobilität im Alter, MOBIL, N_00033)], we have demonstrated, mainly through the use of QMC-CT, that h-bFES therapy improves the muscle quality of mobility impaired persons [9] and of healthy seniors [114].…”

Section: Quantitative Computed Tomography and Image Analysis For Advamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of trophism and fiber type gene expression in denervated muscle activated by different patterns of electrical stimulation. Role of muscle fiber regeneration revisited in 2017

Marcante¹,

Baba²,

Carraro³

et al. 2017

Biol Eng Med

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After sixty and more years of basic research on electrostimulation-induced muscle plasticity, in the last fifteen years a few studies have employed long impulse biphasic electrical stimulation as a treatment for human long-term denervated muscle. Tissue trophism and muscle power are improved to a level sufficient to restore some functions by home based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES). These treatments usually start late after denervation due to clinical constraints. The changes induced by 1) denervation, 2) spontaneous or induced aneural myogenesis, and 3) long-term electrical stimulation starting either early or late after denervation, in both animal models and in clinic, are here reported once again to attract attention of patients, physiatrists and physiotherapists on achievable results and on limitations of h-bFES for denervated degenerating muscles (DDM). The trophic and functional recovery from severe atrophy/degeneration of long-term denervated muscle by h-bFES of DDM is a fact standing on a sound foundation. Furthermore, a new muscle quantitative color computed tomography (MQC-CT) adds, to functional evidence and to muscle biopsy analyses, the results based on tridimensional analysis of a full skeletal muscle. The differentiation of muscle fibers regenerating in the absence of the nerve is remarkable in animal experiments. If myogenesis in patients could be modulated during the months needed to recover denervated muscle tetanic contractility, it should be possible to substantially abbreviate the time needed to achieve functional recovery of long term denervated human muscle by h-bFES of DDM using the commercial muscle stimulator and the large electrodes now available.

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“…The distribution of Hounsfield unit (HU) values resulting from the 3D structural analysis of rectus femoris is depicted in the histogram in figure 1. 16 In this histogram, we quantify different tissues within the muscle volume by using the following thresholds: Figure 1 shows that the loss of tissue density is mainly due to the loss of dense connective tissue after SCI. On the other hand, the FES treatment allows restoration of muscle fiber (increasing from 42% to 58% after 4 years FES) and sensible decrease of low dense muscle fibersloose connective and fat (decreasing on average from 41% to 31% and from 8% to 2%, respectively.…”

Section: Monitoring Trophism Decay Of Lmn Denervated Muscle or Restormentioning

confidence: 99%

CT and MRI assessment and characterization using segmentation and 3D modeling techniques: applications to muscle, bone and brain

et al. 2014

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This paper reviews the novel use of CT and MRI data and image processing tools to segment and reconstruct tissue images in 3D to determine characteristics of muscle, bone and brain.This to study and simulate the structural changes occurring in healthy and pathological conditions as well as in response to clinical treatments. Here we report the application of this methodology to evaluate and quantify: 1. progression of atrophy in human muscle subsequent to permanent lower motor neuron (LMN) denervation, 2. muscle recovery as induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES), 3. bone quality in patients undergoing total hip replacement and 4. to model the electrical activity of the brain. Study 1: CT data and segmentation techniques were used to quantify changes in muscle density and composition by associating the Hounsfield unit values of muscle, adipose and fibrous connective tissue with different colors. This method was employed to monitor patients who have permanent muscle LMN denervation in the lower extremities under two different conditions: permanent LMN denervated not electrically stimulated and stimulated. Study 2: CT data and segmentation techniques were employed, however, in this work we assessed bone and muscle conditions in the pre-operative CT scans of patients scheduled to undergo total hip replacement. In this work, the overall anatomical structure, the bone mineral density (BMD) and compactness of quadriceps muscles and proximal femoral was computed to provide a more complete view for surgeons when deciding which implant technology to use. Further, a Finite element analysis provided a map of the strains around the proximal femur socket when solicited by typical stresses caused by an implant press fitting. Study 3 describes a method to model the electrical behavior of human brain using segmented MR images. The aim of the work is to use these models to predict the electrical activity of the human brain under normal and pathological conditions by developing detailed 3D representations of major tissue surfaces within the head, with over 12 different tissues segmented. In addition, computational tools in Matlab were developed for calculating normal vectors on the brain surface and for associating this information with the equivalent electrical dipole sources as an input into the model.

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Muscle, tendons, and bone: structural changes during denervation and FES treatment

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Functional electrical stimulation as a safe and effective treatment for equine epaxial muscle spasms: Clinical evaluations and histochemical morphometry of mitochondria in muscle biopsies

Functional electrical stimulation as a safe and effective treatment for equine epaxial muscle spasms: Clinical evaluations and histochemical morphometry of mitochondria in muscle biopsies

Modulation of trophism and fiber type gene expression in denervated muscle activated by different patterns of electrical stimulation. Role of muscle fiber regeneration revisited in 2017

CT and MRI assessment and characterization using segmentation and 3D modeling techniques: applications to muscle, bone and brain

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