“…FMD is considered a primary marker of vascular health and impairment, reduced function, or dysfunction of the endothelium, as measured by FMD, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and future cardiovascular events (Elliott et al, 1987). Currently, data are mixed, as research groups report brachial FMD (bFMD) is augmented (Gonzales et al, 2011;Franklin et al, 2014;Buchanan et al, 2017;de Oliveira et al, 2020), impaired (Franklin et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2016;Morishima et al, 2018;de Oliveira et al, 2020;Morishima et al, 2020), or unaffected (Jurva et al, 2006;Casey et al, 2007a;Phillips et al, 2011;Buchanan et al, 2017). Discordant reports can be attributed to participant differences in baseline diameter and training status (trained participants being less likely to exhibit a transient reduction sometimes referred to 'athlete's artery' (Green et al, 2012;Zhong et al, 2018).…”