Muscle strain injuries of the hindlimb in eight horses: diagnostic imaging, management and outcomes

Walmsley, EA; Steel, C. M.; Richardson, Jennifer L.; Whitton, R. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00597.x

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Moderate to severe muscle strain injuries have been infrequently reported in horses, and remain underdiagnosed (Walmsley and others 2010), and low-grade muscle tear injuries have not been reported. DOMS is known to occur commonly in human beings following unaccustomed exercise, with clinical signs appearing within 24–48 hours and lasting up to five days (Connolly and others 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevations in serum muscle enzyme activities in racehorses due to unaccustomed exercise and training

Mack

Kirkby²,

Malalana

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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Hereditary muscular disease is well described in racehorses, yet little is known about traumatic muscle disease associated with unaccustomed exercise or training. The objective of the study was to compare sedentary horses, racehorses undergoing training for the first time (unaccustomed exercise), and experienced racehorses during a training season (accustomed exercise) to investigate the effect of exercise and training on serum muscle enzyme activities and other variables. Horses were sampled prior to exercise for serum activities of aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase and other variables γ glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in a three-part study. Serum activities of AST and GGT were higher in fit racehorses (n=47) compared with sedentary horses (n=57) at a single time point (P<0.05). The monthly serum activity of AST in two-year-old racehorses (n=10) increased from month 1 to 4 of unaccustomed training (P<0.05). The serum activities of AST and GGT in three-year-old racehorses (n=12) previously accustomed to exercise sampled fortnightly to monthly showed a linear increase (P<0.05) with cumulative training days over the seven months of training, but showed minimal increase during the first four months of accustomed training. SAA was weakly correlated to cumulative training days. In conclusion, AST activity was increased by unaccustomed exercise and cumulative training stress in the racehorse. GGT appeared to be correlated to cumulative training load. Mild to moderate elevations in serum AST in racehorses may be associated with cumulative muscle damage from training or trauma associated with unaccustomed exercise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevations in serum muscle enzyme activities in racehorses due to unaccustomed exercise and training

Mack

Kirkby²,

Malalana

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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“…The aim of this retrospective case series was to the describe management of horses with muscle tear injuries of the hind limbs, by reviewing medical records of eight horses 6 . Diagnosis of muscle injury was determined by the presence of abnormal ultrasound findings, compared with the contralateral limb, and, when required, nuclear scintigraphy.…”

Section: Equinementioning

confidence: 99%

IN THIS ISSUE – August

2010

Aust Veterinary J

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Seroconversion to avian influenza virus in chickens in Victoria · Feeding of prohibited swill to pigs in Australia · Long distance dispersal of vectors for bovine ephemeral fever · Risk of poisoning from sorghum infected with ergot · Effects on bovine embryos of oxidative stress in sperm · Muscle strain injuries of the hindlimb in eight horses · T‐shaped malformation of the ventral colon in foal · Zolpidem poisoning in a cat · Cutaneous trombidiosis in a Lesueur's tree frog

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“…Ultrasonographic examination of the caudal thigh is useful for identifying the affected muscles, length of pathology, and most superficial location for myotomy. The ultrasonographic appearance of equine muscle has been described elsewhere as having a “marbled” or striated, heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance, and the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and gracilis musculatures conform to this appearance . In contrast, areas of fibrosis are hyperechoic to the adjacent normal muscle, with a mottled, less striated appearance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standing myotomy to treat fibrotic myopathy: 22 cases (2004–2016)

et al. 2019

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Objective: To report the clinical and diagnostic findings associated with fibrotic myopathy, describe the surgical procedure for standing fibrotic myotomy and report postoperative outcomes. Study design: Retrospective study. Sample population: Twenty-two horses. Methods: Records were included if a clinical diagnosis of fibrotic myopathy was based on clinical and/or ultrasonographic examination and the horse was treated with myotomy of the affected muscle. Records were reviewed for signalment, preoperative findings, perioperative complications, and outcomes. Follow-up also included a phone survey of owners. Results: Quarter horses represented 14 of 22 horses in this study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed in 14 of 22 horses. The semitendinosus muscle was affected in 17 of 22 horses. Other muscles affected included the semimembranosus, gracilis, and biceps femoris. Four of the 22 horses had a diagnosis of incisional postoperative complications. Eight of 12 formerly athletic horses returned to their intended athletic use. Ten of 16 owners were satisfied with the procedure. Conclusion: Prognosis for long-term comfort after standing fibrotic myotomy was fair with appropriate rehabilitation. Ultrasonographic examination was helpful in identifying the muscles affected and aided in surgical planning. Clinical impact: Standing fibrotic myotomy is a technically straightforward procedure that yields a fair outcome in horses with minimal intraoperative and/or postoperative complications.

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Muscle strain injuries of the hindlimb in eight horses: diagnostic imaging, management and outcomes

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Elevations in serum muscle enzyme activities in racehorses due to unaccustomed exercise and training

Elevations in serum muscle enzyme activities in racehorses due to unaccustomed exercise and training

IN THIS ISSUE – August

Standing myotomy to treat fibrotic myopathy: 22 cases (2004–2016)

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