Muscle spindles in the human bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles

Peikert, Kevin; May, Christian Albrecht

doi:10.1002/mus.24500

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Noteworthy is that erection is associated with elevated postural control of the penis, and lengthening flips entail eccentric contractions that are essential for DOMS development. Both of these muscles have small numbers of muscle spindles and their involvement in proprioception has been suspected [27]. Furthermore, the ventral insertion of the bulbospongiosus muscle, which is the superficial muscular layer of the perineum and pelvic floor, and the ischiocavernosus muscle, are unified both functionally and morphologically [28].…”

Section: Repetitive Eccentric Contractions and Acute Compression Proprioceptive Axonopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?

Sonkodi

Kopa

Nyírády

2021

Cells

133

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Post orgasmic illness syndrome is a rare, mysterious condition with an unknown pathomechanism and uncertain treatment. The symptoms of post orgasmic illness syndrome last about 2–7 days after an ejaculation. The current hypothesis proposes that the primary injury in post orgasmic illness syndrome is an acute compression proprioceptive axonopathy in the muscle spindle, as is suspected in delayed onset muscle soreness. The terminal arbor degeneration-like lesion of delayed onset muscle soreness is theorized to be an acute stress response energy-depleted dysfunctional mitochondria-induced impairment of Piezo2 channels and glutamate vesicular release. The recurring symptoms of post orgasmic illness syndrome after each ejaculation are suggested to be analogous to the repeated bout effect of delayed onset muscle soreness. However, there are differences in the pathomechanism, mostly attributed to the extent of secondary tissue damage and to the extent of spermidine depletion. The spermidine depletion-induced differences are as follows: modulation of the acute stress response, flu-like symptoms, opioid-like withdrawal and enhanced deregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The longitudinal dimension of delayed onset muscle soreness, in the form of post orgasmic illness syndrome and the repeated bout effect, have cognitive and memory consequences, since the primary injury is learning and memory-related.

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Section: Repetitive Eccentric Contractions and Acute Compression Proprioceptive Axonopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?

Sonkodi

Kopa

Nyírády

2021

Cells

133

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“…Many monkey species develop a cheek pouch which serves not only for temporary food storage (Lambert, 2005; Smith et al, 2008) but also for social interaction (Hayes et al, 1992). The morphology of the monkey cheek pouch is only poorly described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle spindles in the rhesus monkey platysma

et al. 2021

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The platysma of the rhesus monkey consists of two parts: a platysma myoides located similar to the human platysma, and a platysma cervicale passing the dorsal cervical region and being in contact with the cheek pouch. Our investigation showed that the muscle fiber morphology was comparable in both parts. Muscle spindles were only present in regions connected to the cheek pouch and contained only nuclear chain fibers. It is tempting to speculate that they sense the filling of the cheek pouch rather than mimic activities.

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“…Alternatively, the action could be realized through diffusion of the motoneuron activity in the spinal cord or influence of the perineal muscle afferents. Little is known about the proprioreceptor feedback from the perineal muscles, however, in humans, spindles have been identified in the bulbocavernosus muscle [ 56 ] and stimulation of the perineal nerve elicits a reflex efferent activity [ 57 ]. Moreover, physiotherapeutic electrostimulation of the ischiocavernous muscle improves penile rigidity [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex erection in the rat: reciprocal interplay between hemodynamic and somatic events

Andreev-Andrievskiy¹,

Lagereva²,

Popova³

2018

BMC Urol

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BackgroundPenile erection is a complex reflex under spinal control and modulated by the brain. The hemodynamic events under autonomic control and the perineal muscles somatic activity are interconnected during the reflex erection at the spinal level, however if the afferent feedback on the corpus cavernosum pressure during an erection affects the somatic activity (perineal muscles contractions) and vice versa is not known. This study was aimed to test this hypothesis using a rat model.MethodsIntracavernous pressure (ICP) and bulbocavernosus (BC) muscle EMG were recorded during reflex erections elicited with dorsal penile nerve (DNP) electrical stimulation in anaesthetized acutely spinalized SD rats with surgically (bilateral cavernous nerve section, CnX, n = 8) and pharmacologically (trimetaphan infusion, TMPh, n = 8) abolished pressor response, or with surgically (bilateral section of the motor branch of the pudendal nerve, PnX, n = 7) and pharmacologically (1 mg/kg d-tubocurarine, n = 8) blocked perineal muscles contractions, or with interrupted afferent input from the penis (bilateral crush of the dorsal penile nerve, DPnX, n = 7). Control rats (n = 8) received no intervention.ResultsModerate positive correlations were found between net parameters of pressor and somatic activity during DNP-stimulation induced reflex erection in spinal rats, particularly the speed of pressor response development was positively correlated to EMG parameters. No changes of EMG activity were found in CnX rats, while the decrease of BC EMG in TMPh-treated males can be attributed to direct inhibitory action of TMPh on neuromuscular transmission. Pressor response latency was increased and ICP front slope decreased in dTK and PnX rats, indicating that perineal muscles contraction augment pressor response. DPN crush had little effect on ICP and EMG.ConclusionAfferent input on the level of intracavernous pressure and the perineal muscles activity has minimal impact on, correspondingly, the somatic and the autonomic components of the reflex erection in spinal males, once the reflex has been initiated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12894-018-0352-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Muscle spindles in the human bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?

Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?

Muscle spindles in the rhesus monkey platysma

Reflex erection in the rat: reciprocal interplay between hemodynamic and somatic events

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