Muscle size, strength, and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Edwards, Mark H.; Gregson, Celia L; Patel, Harnish P.; Jameson, Karen; Harvey, Nicholas C.; Sayer, Avan Aihie; Dennison, Elaine; Cooper, Cyrus

doi:10.1002/jbmr.1972

Cited by 139 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, which has shown that men in the lowest quartile of grip strength had smaller bones, lower cortical area, and stress strain index at the diaphysis of the radius 36. Similarly, in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, positive associations in men aged 70 years and over between grip strength and diaphyseal periosteal circumference, stress strain index, and cortical bone area were reported 37. Consistent with previous studies, we also show a negative relationship between grip strength and age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundAgeing is associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fall risk, all of which contribute to increased fracture risk. Mechanically, bone strength adapts in response to forces created by muscle contractions. Adaptations can be through changes in bone size, geometry, and bending strength. Muscle mass is often used as a surrogate for muscle force; however, force can be increased without changes in muscle mass. Increased fall risk with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power—which is a measure of mobility. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between muscle parameters in the upper and lower limbs with age in UK men and the influence of ethnicity on these relationships; (ii) to examine the relationships between jump force/grip strength/cross‐sectional muscle area (CSMA) with bone outcomes at the radius and tibia.MethodsWhite European, Black Afro‐Caribbean, and South Asian men aged 40–79 years were recruited from Manchester, UK. Cortical bone mineral content, cross‐sectional area, cortical area, cross‐sectional moment of inertia, and CSMA were measured at the diaphysis of the radius and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Lower limb jump force and power were measured from a single two‐legged jump performed on a ground‐reaction force platform. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes was determined using linear regression with adjustments for age, height, weight, and ethnicity.ResultsThree hundred and one men were recruited. Jump force was negatively associated with age; for every 10 year increase in age, there was a 4% reduction in jump force (P < 0.0001). There was a significant age–ethnicity interaction for jump power (P = 0.039); after adjustments, this was attenuated (P = 0.088). For every 10 year increase in age, grip strength decreased by 11%. Jump force was positively associated with tibial bone outcomes: a 1 standard deviation greater jump force was associated with significantly higher cortical bone mineral content 3.1%, cross‐sectional area 4.2%, cortical area 3.4%, and cross‐sectional moment of inertia 6.8% (all P < 0.001). Cross‐sectional muscle area of the lower leg was not associated with tibial bone outcomes. Both grip strength and CSMA of the arm were positively associated, to a similar extent, with radius diaphyseal bone outcomes.ConclusionsJump force and power are negatively associated with age in UK men. In the lower limb, the measurement of jump force is more strongly related to bone outcomes than CSMA. It is important to consider jump force and power when understanding the aetiology of bone loss and mobility in ageing men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Zengin

Pye

Cook

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Furthermore, higher muscle mass and strength have indeed been positively associated with trabecular vBMD in women (39,40,41) and a higher trabecular number and/or thickness have been related with higher appendicular muscle mass in women (41). Men develop thicker trabeculae during puberty (3, 4, 42) and we might presume that testosterone treatment in trans men led to the acquisition of thicker trabeculae and consequently higher measured trabecular vBMD similar to that young males compared with females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Caenegem

Wierckx

Taes

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

125

106

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Purpose: To assess the evolution of body composition and bone metabolism in trans men during the first year of cross-sex hormonal therapy. Methods: In a prospective controlled study, we included 23 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) and 23 age-matched control women. In both groups, we examined grip strength (hand dynamometer), biochemical markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP)), total body fat and lean mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat and muscle area at the forearm and calf, bone geometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), before treatment and after 1 year of treatment with undecanoate (1000 mg i.m./12 weeks). Results: Before hormonal treatment, trans men had similar bone and body composition compared with control women. Testosterone treatment induced in trans men a gain in muscle mass (C10.4%) and strength and loss of fat mass (K9.7%) (all P!0.001) and increased the levels of P1NP and CTX (both P!0.01). Areal and volumetric bone parameters remained largely unchanged apart from a small increase in trabecular vBMD at the distal radius and in BMD at the total hip in trans men (PZ0.036 and PZ0.001 respectively). None of these changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: Short-term testosterone treatment in trans men increased muscle mass and bone turnover. The latter may rather reflect an anabolic effect of testosterone treatment rather than bone loss.

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“…While the study by Shin et al (12) , when testing two tasks on the force platform (bipodal support with eyes open and bipodal support with eyes closed) did not find significant correlations with the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. Likewise, Edwards et al (11) testing dynamic balance in a three-meter gait test, found no association with BMD of the tibia and radium in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the literature is inconsistent and inconclusive as to the relation between these variables in postmenopausal women. A few studies have found linear and consistent relations between muscular strength and BMD (7,8) , while the majority have found inconsistent results (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Similarly, when the variable refers to postural balance, a few studies have shown an inverse relationship between greater postural oscillation and BMD (14,15) , while the majority of studies have not identified any relationship (9,11,12,16) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have found linear and consistent relations between muscular strength and BMD (7,8) , while the majority have found inconsistent results (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Similarly, when the variable refers to postural balance, a few studies have shown an inverse relationship between greater postural oscillation and BMD (14,15) , while the majority of studies have not identified any relationship (9,11,12,16) . However, to determine correlations between BMD and muscular strength or postural balance in postmenopausal women, some measurement conditions of these variables have not yet been tested, such as the isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer, or stabilographic analysis of postural oscillation on a force platform under challenging conditions, such as semi-tandem or unipodal support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between bone mineral density, isokinetic peak torque and postural balance in postmenopausal women

Oliveira¹,

Oliveira²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

mtprehabjournal

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Background: Postmenopausal women typically present loss of bone mineral density (BMD), muscular strength, and postural balance. However, there is no consensus in the literature on the correlation between these variables. Objectives: Our objective was to verify the correlation between BMD, isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors, and static postural balance in postmenopausal women. Methods: Fifty-one postmenopausal women underwent BMD evaluation through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for four bone regions (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter). Muscular strength of knee extensors and flexors was evaluated in an isokinetic dynamometer at 60 and 180 degrees per second in the dominant lower limb. Static postural balance was evaluated on a force platform during five different tasks (bipodal eyes open, bipodal eyes closed, semi-tandem eyes open, semi-tandem eyes closed, and unipodal). Statistical analysis involved Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho). Results: There was no significant correlation between BMD and isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors. Approximately half (27 of 60) of the postural balance variables presented significant inverse correlations (p < 0.05) with BMD and of these, the majority (22 of 27) presented moderate correlation (rho between -0.49 and -0.30). Most correlations were for bipodal support tasks with eyes open and eyes closed. Conclusion: Greater postural oscillation in different balance tasks was correlated with lower BMD in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is suggested that intervention protocols for women with impaired BMD, especially osteoporotic, consider balance training as part of rehabilitation.

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Muscle size, strength, and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Cited by 139 publications

References 41 publications

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Associations of muscle force, power, cross‐sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Correlation between bone mineral density, isokinetic peak torque and postural balance in postmenopausal women

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