Muscle Oxygen Supply and Use in Type 1 Diabetes, From Ambient Air to the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: Is There a Limiting Step?

Abstract

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Maximal Fat Oxidation During Exercise Is Already Impaired in Pre-pubescent Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…However, during exercise, an impairment in the utilization of O 2 at the tissue could also be involved in a reduction of exercise capacities. Previous research had found that patients with T1DM displayed blunted perfusion and oxygen extraction in active skeletal muscle at moderate-to-maximal exercise intensities (Tagougui et al, 2015;Heyman et al, 2020). Accordingly, a greater increase in heart rate, along with an increase in the percentage of relative VO 2 peak in children with T1DM compared to the healthy control found in this study, could be a compensatory adaptation to increase O 2 delivery to the exercising muscle.…”

“…This lower aerobic capacity in children with T1DM may be related to early defects in the delivery of blood via the microcirculation to the skeletal muscle. Additionally, it may contribute to impairments in complex IV capacity in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Heyman et al, 2020). Capacity to transport and utilize oxygen affects skeletal muscle function and exercise capacities (Lanfranconi et al, 2014).…”

Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products

“…This mutation results in the reduction of insulin release and insulin resistance and leads to persistent hyperglycemia, which in turn causes mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces insulin release [22]. Muscle biopsies of diabetic patients have revealed abnormal mitochondrial metabolism and reduced mitochondria quantity [23,24].…”

Circulating biomarkers of nitric oxide bioactivity and impaired muscle vasoreactivity to exercise in adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes

“…A recent meta-analysis highlighted the presence of early endothelial dysfunction in these patients, without overt vascular complications [3]. This dysfunction can even appear in response to day-to-day whole-body aerobic exercise, specifically at the level of microvessels close to active skeletal muscle [4][5][6]. Understanding the mechanisms involved in blunted muscle microvascular reactivity to exercise in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes is of great clinical relevance.…”

“…Understanding the mechanisms involved in blunted muscle microvascular reactivity to exercise in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes is of great clinical relevance. As such, in addition to possible longterm effects on primary determinants of diabetes complications, impaired blood supply to skeletal muscle may be involved in lower aerobic fitness [4][5][6], a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality [7].…”