Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015

Édouard, Pascal; Branco, Pedro; Alonso, Juan-Manuel

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095559

Cited by 129 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Illness was defined as "any physical complaint unrelated to an injury and occurring during the championships" (Alonso et al, 2010(Alonso et al, , 2012Edouard et al, 2013Edouard et al, , 2014bEdouard et al, , 2015cTimpka et al, 2014). In cases where a single injury incident resulted in more than one injured body part and/or type of injury, each body part and/or type injury was counted as a separate injury (Edouard et al, 2015b(Edouard et al, , 2016aEdouard et al, under revision).…”

Section: Injury and Illness Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Team Size and Success With Injuries and Illnesses During Eight International Outdoor Athletics Championships

Édouard

Richardson

Navarro

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Introduction: The number of injuries and illnesses during major athletics championships vary according to sex and discipline. They may also differ between countries (national teams) given the differences in training, medical care, nutrition, lifestyle habits, and in travel to the championships. In addition, injuries and illnesses may influence the performance during the championships. Therefore, the aim was to analyse the differences in the injury and illness occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships with regards to the athlete's country, as well as establishing the potential relationships with the success of the country during the respective championships. Method: The national medical teams and the local organizing committee physicians reported all injuries and illnesses daily on a standardized injury and illness report form during 4 World and 4 European outdoor championships from 2007 to 2018. Results were presented as number of registered athletes, injuries, illnesses and medals (absolute and per 1000 registered athletes), and for countries of different team size. Results: During these 8 championships, a total of 219 different countries participated with a total of 13059 registered athletes who incurred 1315 injuries and 550 illnesses. The number of injuries and illnesses per championships varied between countries. Countries with higher numbers of registered athletes had a higher number of injuries and illnesses, as well as a higher number of medals and gold medals. There were significant positive correlations between number of injuries/illnesses and number of registered athletes, medals, gold medals. Injury and illness numbers per 1,000 registered athletes differed between countries and team sizes. Analyzing country participation grouped according to the number of registered athletes, there were significant negative correlations between injury/illness and medals/gold medals per 1,000 registered athletes. Conclusions: Given the correlation between health problems and country size, we suggest that medical services provision and staff should be adapted to the team size. In groups of different country team sizes, lower number of injuries and illnesses per registered athletes were correlated with higher number of medals and gold medals per registered athletes, which can support that injury and illness prevention should be recognized as a win-win performance-prevention strategy.

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Section: Injury and Illness Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Team Size and Success With Injuries and Illnesses During Eight International Outdoor Athletics Championships

Édouard

Richardson

Navarro

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

Self Cite

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“…The substantial loading applied on large range of motions during such movements exposes hamstring muscles to a high risk of strain injury, particularly in high-velocity running during which they are actively stretched and withstand a maximum peak force at long muscle lengths. 3,4 Because flexibility may influence the ability of hamstring muscles to resist such stress, it has been proposed as a predisposing factor for developing muscle injury. 5,6 Hamstring flexibility has been widely assessed through the maximal range of motion achieved during passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests to determine the effects of training, to orient training contents, to determine the risk of injury, or to evaluate the impact of previous injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes

Avrillon

Lacourpaille

Hug

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The effect of training on hamstring flexibility has been widely assessed through the measurement of the maximal range of motion or passive torque. However, these global measures do not provide direct information on the passive muscle mechanical properties of individual muscle. This characterization is crucial to better understand the effect of interventions as selective adaptations may occur among synergist muscles. Taking advantage of shear wave elastography, we aimed to determine whether elite sport athletes exhibit different passive shear modulus of hamstring heads compared to controls.Passive shear modulus was measured on semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BF) using shear wave elastography with the knee flexed at 60° and 90°, and 90° of hip flexion. A total of 97 elite athletes from various sports including running sprint, figure skating, fencing, field hockey, taekwondo, basketball, and soccer and 12 controls were evaluated. The shear modulus measured at 60° of knee flexion was lower in SM for figure skating (P < .001; d = 1.8), taekwondo (P < .001; d = 2.1), fencing (P = .024; d = 1.0), and soccer (P = .011; d = 0.9) compared to controls, while no difference was found for athletic sprinters, field hockey, and basketball players. Shear modulus of the BF and ST muscle was not significantly different between controls and elite athletes, regardless of the sport specialization (all P values = 1). We provide evidence that the shear modulus of the SM is altered in athletes involved in elite sport practice performed over large range of motion and/or including substantial stretching program in training content (taekwondo, figure skating, fencing, and soccer). K E Y W O R D S elite athletes, shear wave elastography, stiffness 84 | AVRILLON et AL.

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“…Muscle strain injuries are classified as traumatic injuries that require substantial clinical rehabilitation to return to normal preinjury sports activity. These injuries have a high incidence and a significant reinjury rate . Reinjuries are particularly common in the early phase after return to sports (RTS), which suggests that there is a discrepancy between the time allowed for tissue healing and the ability of the tissue to withstand high sport‐specific loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of tissue perfusion, muscle strength recovery, and pain in rehabilitation after acute muscle strain injury: A randomized controlled trial comparing early and delayed rehabilitation

Bayer

Hoegberget-Kalisz

Jensen

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Muscle strain injuries disrupt the muscle-tendon unit, early rehabilitation is associated with a faster return to sports (RTS), but the time course of tissue healing remains sparsely described. The purpose was to examine tissue regeneration and the effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation onset on functional and structural recovery after strain injuries. A total of 50 recreational athletes with a severe acute strain injury in their thigh or calf muscles were randomized to early or delayed rehabilitation onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained initially, 3 and 6 months postinjury, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) estimated tissue inflammation initially and after 6 months. Muscle strength was determined 5 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postinjury, and a questionnaire determined soreness, pain, and confidence. DCE-MRI microvascular perfusion was higher in the injured compared to an uninjured muscle acutely (P < 0.01) and after 6 months (P < 0.01), for both groups (P > 0.05) and unrelated to RTS (P > 0.05). Total volume of the injured muscle decreased from the acute to the 3-month scan, and to the 6-month scan (P < 0.01) in both groups. Muscle strength was similar in both groups at any time. There was a nonsignificant trend (P ≤ 0.1) toward less pain and higher confidence with early rehabilitation. One reinjury was recorded. In conclusion, our data showed prolonged tissue repair with the initial response linked to muscle atrophy but did not explain why early rehabilitation onset accelerated recovery considering that structural and functional recovery was similar with early and delayed rehabilitation.

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Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015

Cited by 129 publications

References 30 publications

Relation of Team Size and Success With Injuries and Illnesses During Eight International Outdoor Athletics Championships

Relation of Team Size and Success With Injuries and Illnesses During Eight International Outdoor Athletics Championships

Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes

Role of tissue perfusion, muscle strength recovery, and pain in rehabilitation after acute muscle strain injury: A randomized controlled trial comparing early and delayed rehabilitation

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