Muscle imbalance as a cause of scoliosis: a study in a fetal lamb abdominal wall defect model

Kawaguchi, Kohei; Obayashi, Juma; Koike, Junki; Tanaka, Kunihide; Seki, Yasuji; Nagae, Hideki; Ohyama, Kei; Furuta, Shigeyuki; Valsenti, Gianluca; Pringle, Kevin C.; Kitagawa, Hiroaki

doi:10.1007/s00383-021-05000-2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Electromyography shows increased activity on the convex side of the curve (27), and the spine becomes silent when surgically fused or braced (28). Histological studies have shown disproportionate slow-twitch vs. fast-twitch fibres in the paravertebral muscles in cases of scoliosis (29,30). When assessing how the asymmetrical activation or weakness of the paravertebral muscles is caused, research has mainly been focused on the role of the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum (31)(32)(33)(34), but no consensus has been reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and pathogenesis of scoliosis due to spinal astrocytoma

Zhang

Han

et al. 2023

Oncol Lett

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The aetiology of scoliosis remains unclear. Some studies have focused on the theory of possible muscular imbalance. The role of the spinal cord, which directly innervates the paraspinal muscles, in muscular imbalance has not yet been studied. Spinal astrocytomas often grow on one side of the spinal cord, destroying it asymmetrically. Asymmetrical damage to the spinal cord can lead to asymmetrical changes in paraspinal muscles. The present study investigated the effect of muscular imbalance on scoliosis by observing scoliosis caused by spinal astrocytomas. Patients diagnosed with spinal astrocytomas in a single centre were analysed, and the type and side of the symptoms, sagittal tumour position, scoliosis, end vertebrae and apical vertebrae of scoliosis were recorded. The tumour side was assumed from symptom type and side, and the cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles on both sides of the end vertebra was outlined and compared. The incidence of astrocytoma-induced scoliosis was significantly higher in patients with unilateral symptoms. The inferred tumour side was highly consistent with the convex side of scoliosis. The distal vertebral segments of scoliosis were consistent with the spinal cord segments involved in the astrocytomas. The apical vertebrae were more caudal in astrocytoma-induced scoliosis. The cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle on the convex side of apical-level scoliosis was significantly smaller than that on the concave side. However, no significant differences were observed in the erector spinae muscles. Overall, spinal astrocytomas can cause asymmetric destruction of the corresponding spinal cord segment, resulting in asymmetric atrophy and weakness of the multifidus muscle innervated by the spinal cord segment, thereby causing scoliosis that is convex to the weaker side. This mechanism involves asymmetric lower neuron paralysis of the multifidus muscle. This is a type of scoliosis with several differences from idiopathic scoliosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and pathogenesis of scoliosis due to spinal astrocytoma

Zhang

Han

et al. 2023

Oncol Lett

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Spinal muscle characteristics during three different types of locomotion activities among college students with idiopathic scoliosis

Gou,

Tao,

Huang

et al. 2024

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background context Physical activities such as walking and climbing stairs are pervasive in human daily life. Individuals with scoliosis frequently encounter dysfunction in their muscle recruitment. Multiple studies have corroborated the presence of muscle dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with scoliosis. However, there is currently a noteworthy research gap regarding the exploration of changes in muscle characteristics and disparities from those observed in individuals without scoliosis during everyday activities, specifically stair climbing. Purpose This study aims to examine the unique patterns of muscle activity during daily life in individuals with scoliosis and distinguish the specific differences between scoliosis patients and the healthy controls. The findings of this study are significantly important for the future accurate assessment of scoliosis and the development of rehabilitation treatment plans. Study design Case–control study. Sample size Twenty eight idiopathic scoliosis patients and twenty eight controls. Outcome measures Root Mean Square(RMS), Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction(MVIC)%, RMS ratio(RMS convex / RMS concave). Methods The surface electromyography (sEMG) device used in this study was the Delsys Trigno, with a sampling frequency of 1500 Hz. It recorded the activation level, peak contraction, and average activation level of the erector spinae (at T6, T10, and L3 levels), gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles during three different types of locomotion for both the 28 individuals with idiopathic scoliosis and the 28 control participants. Results The movement patterns of the idiopathic scoliosis patients significantly differ from those of the normal population during level walking and ascending or descending stairs. In level walking, there is an asymmetry in the activation levels of the T6 and L3 erector spinae muscles, with lower activation on the convex side compared to the concave side. Similarly, during stair ascent, the activation of the T6 and T10 erector spinae muscles is asymmetric, with higher activation on the convex side than the concave side. Moreover, during stair descent, the activation of the T6 erector spinae muscle is asymmetric, with higher activation on the convex side than the concave side. Conclusions During level walking and stair activities, idiopathic scoliosis patients exhibit pronounced abnormal movement patterns that significantly differ from those of the control group. Under different activity conditions such as level walking, ascending and descending stairs, idiopathic scoliosis patients demonstrate abnormal muscle activation in different segments of the spine. It is crucial for clinicians to prioritize the symmetry of muscle activation in the spinal region of idiopathic scoliosis patients and cons...

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Muscle imbalance as a cause of scoliosis: a study in a fetal lamb abdominal wall defect model

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical features and pathogenesis of scoliosis due to spinal astrocytoma

Clinical features and pathogenesis of scoliosis due to spinal astrocytoma

Spinal muscle characteristics during three different types of locomotion activities among college students with idiopathic scoliosis

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