Muscle hypertrophy in cancer patients and survivors via strength training. A meta-analysis and meta-regression

Koeppel, Maximilian; Mathis, Katlynn; Schmitz, Kathryn H.; Wiskemann, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103371

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…88 The benefits of exercise and protein, both transient activators of mTOR in muscle, are well evidenced in patients with cancer. 68,89,90 In fact, exercise and adequate nutrient intake, especially high-protein intake, are recommended to counter malnutrition and muscle loss that occurs over the course of the disease. 74 Similarly, HMB studies summarized in this review demonstrate a benefit for muscle health (i.e.…”

Section: Hmb Safety In Patients With Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Prado

Orsso

Pereira

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Low muscle mass is prevalent among patients with cancer and a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. To counteract muscle loss, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation has been proposed as a potential therapy for older adults and various diseases states. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects and safety of HMB supplementation in relation to muscle mass and function and other clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, ProQuest, and grey literature for reports published from inception to December 2021 was conducted. Included studies provided supplements containing any dose of HMB to adult patients with active cancer. A synthesis without meta-analysis was conducted using a vote-counting approach based solely on the direction of the effect (i.e. regardless of statistical significance). Risk of bias was assessed for each outcome domain, and evidence from higher-quality studies (i.e. those with either low or moderate risk of bias) was examined. Safety was evaluated using both lower-quality and higher-quality studies. Fifteen studies were included, in which six were randomized controlled trials in patients with various cancer types and treatments. Studies prescribed HMB combined with amino acids (73.3%), HMB in oral nutritional supplements (20.0%), or both supplement types (6.7%); Ca-HMB doses of 3.0 g/day were provided in 80.0% of the studies. Four studies had high risk of bias across all outcome domains. Considering the higher-quality studies, evidence of a beneficial effect of HMB supplementation was found in four of four studies for muscle mass, two of two for muscle function, three of three for hospitalization, and five of seven for survival. In contrast, no beneficial effects of HMB on quality of life or body weight was found in two of four and three of five studies, respectively. A limited number of higher-quality studies evaluating the impact of HMB on cancer therapy-related toxicity, inflammation, and tumour response were observed. No serious adverse effects directly related to the nutrition intervention were reported. Although limited, current evidence suggests that HMB supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and function in patients with cancer. Well-designed trials are needed to further explore the clinical benefit of HMB supplementation in this patient population.

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Section: Hmb Safety In Patients With Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Prado

Orsso

Pereira

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to one review study, cancer patients who received resistance training reported that their muscle mass was 0.9 kg higher than that of the control group ( Koeppel et al, 2021 ). What stood out in their study was the mode of supervision.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise rehabilitation strategy for the prevention of sarcopenia in cancer populations: 8th in a series of scientific evidence

Jee¹

2022

J Exerc Rehabil

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“…The changes in body composition followed by exercise training have been widely investigated in cancer settings. Particularly, most exercise oncology research with body composition outcomes has focused on lean mass in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT [86], where patients often experience significant declines in lean mass [87,88]. A recent meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials in prostate cancer patients reported that exercise, primarily resistance exercise, significantly reduced fat mass by 0.6 kg and increased lean mass by 0.5 kg after a mean intervention period of 20 weeks [89].…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, fat mass is more commonly a primary outcome of interest in combined physical activity (e.g., meeting physical activity guidelines) and dietary studies [97,98]. Overall, there is generally a lack of evidence on body composition outcomes other than ADT settings, and the findings are not consistent and heavily depend on the modes and intensities of exercise [86,99].…”

Section: Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting and Exercise in Oncology: Potential Synergism of Combined Interventions

et al. 2021

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Nutrition and exercise interventions are strongly recommended for most cancer patients; however, much debate exists about the best prescription. Combining fasting with exercise is relatively untouched within the oncology setting. Separately, fasting has demonstrated reductions in chemotherapy-related side effects and improved treatment tolerability and effectiveness. Emerging evidence suggests fasting may have a protective effect on healthy cells allowing chemotherapy to exclusively target cancer cells. Exercise is commonly recommended and attenuates treatment- and cancer-related adverse changes to body composition, quality of life, and physical function. Given their independent benefits, in combination, fasting and exercise may induce synergistic effects and further improve cancer-related outcomes. In this narrative review, we provide a critical appraisal of the current evidence of fasting and exercise as independent interventions in the cancer population and discuss the potential benefits and mechanisms of combined fasting and exercise on cardiometabolic, body composition, patient-reported outcomes, and cancer-related outcomes. Our findings suggest that within the non-cancer population combined fasting and exercise is a viable strategy to improve health-related outcomes, however, its safety and efficacy in the oncology setting remain unknown. Therefore, we also provide a discussion on potential safety issues and considerations for future research in the growing cancer population.

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Muscle hypertrophy in cancer patients and survivors via strength training. A meta-analysis and meta-regression

Cited by 27 publications

References 81 publications

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Effects of β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review

Exercise rehabilitation strategy for the prevention of sarcopenia in cancer populations: 8th in a series of scientific evidence

Fasting and Exercise in Oncology: Potential Synergism of Combined Interventions

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